Did city building civilisations such the Aztec, Maya and Inca have any concept of "civilised or uncivilised" akin to European notions of "Civilisation and barbarity" in their lexicon? Did they see themselves as different to decentralised tribal polities, or was there no clearly defined division?
while more can always be said on this subject, this response by u/reedstilt, this response by u/400-rabbits, and this response by [deleted] should be interesting reads.