Literature on the political and social consequences of the Marian reforms

by YeOldeOle

I'm currently working on a term paper that deals with Sullas dictatorship and its relationship to the later crises of the Republic. Part of it will be the rise of Sulla to power and therefore also his relationship with Marius and the importance of the Marian reforms in respect to Sullas dictatorship later on.

While I have a lot of material on Sulla and his dictatorship (less so on the consequences and the judgement of his dictatorship by those who came after him unfortunately, but still enough for a term paper of 12-15 pages), material on Marius seems rather sparse so far, especially in the field I'm concerned with. There are some books and articles I found that deal with the military side of his reforms and how they affected the army, but I haven't been able to find an article or book that explicitely deals with the consequences those military reforms had on the political and societal landscape of the late Republic. The effects are often alluded to (soldiers being more loyal to their generals than to the Republic is one that often comes up) but they are mostly just mentioned with the understanding that they existed and not much else in terms of explanation or analysis.

So I'm wondering if I just missed something (probably) or if there actually is a lack of literature dealing with the analysis and exploration of the "civilian side" of the Marian reforms. Unfortunately, language-wise I'm limited to german and English, but maybe someonce can point me in the right direction or give me some hints on this.

ParallelPain

Please see, all courtesy of /u/XenophonTheAthenian:

  1. There was no such thing as the Marian reforms[1][2]
  2. The expansion of Roman armies were by Sulla, and not through changes in the citizen group that can be conscripted, but in the magistrates who were allowed to raise armies.
  3. Roman citizens and soldiers did not become blindly obedient fanatics to their senator patrons and army generals [1][2]