Basically, I'm asking for a direct comparison to whether the populace of the USA treated Polio with the same regard that modern people treat Covid with skepticism.
No.
People were terrified of polio. A 1952 poll of Americans put the atomic bomb as the #1 fear. Second place was polio.
Polio breakouts didn't just happen once; while it was endemic (steady-state) in pre-modern times, epidemics became regular events in the 20th century.
When polio struck visibly, it tended to kill children or leave them paralyzed. Pictures of paralyzed children were often used in pictures for the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (later named the March of Dimes).
In 1954, the foundation raised 66.9 million dollars, much more than any other related charity at the time (second place was the National Tuberculosis Association at 24.7 million).
The size and stature of the organization was partly due to polio's effect on children, but also partly due to the fame of FDR, who was thought at the time to have been paralyzed by polio (although modern medical historians think it was Guillain–Barré).
Even after the infamous "Cutter incident" (where an early version of the polio vaccine made by Cutter Laboratories in 1955 turned out to be defective and caused 40,000 cases of polio) it was not (by modern standards) difficult to coax people into getting the polio vaccine (despite vaccine hesitancy being a social feature of vaccines since the very beginning).
The closest I can think of to skepticism would be how it was considered in the 1920s and 1930s to be a "white person's disease". There were medical experts who said blacks were not susceptible to the disease (this was based on data that was biased from under-reporting). It took a great deal of pressure from black activists to change the perception, and the National Foundational for Infantile Paralysis was coaxed to work on integration, such that when Salk's original 1954 vaccine trial happened, black children were included.
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You can see some of the famous March of Dimes images collected here.
Offit, P. A. (2007). The Cutter incident: how America's first polio vaccine led to the growing vaccine crisis. Yale University Press.
Oshinsky, D. M. (2005). Polio: an American story. Oxford University Press.
Rogers, N. (2007). Race and the politics of polio: Warm Springs, Tuskegee, and the March of Dimes. American Journal of Public Health, 97(5), 784-795.