I wrote a response to a similar queston [here] (https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/iycebz/could_someone_give_some_context_or_good_sources/) which you may want to take a look at, but I'll also add some to it to answer you specifically.

To your question, it was both... but never to the extent found in Anglo culture. It started as Native culture slavery, but by the early 1800s the Five Civilized Tribes were engaging in chattel based slavery. One of the richest men in Georgia (of any ethnicity), known locally as "Rich Joe," was Joseph Vann who owned a plantation built by slaves at the direction of the Cherokee and emulating Anglo-American culture and style. At the center was the [mansion on Diamond Hill] (https://www.google.com/search?client=ms-android-comcast-us-revc&ei=HW2MX9LzAa7AytMPqZWX0Ak&q=chief+vann+house&oq=chief+vann&gs_lcp=ChNtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1zZXJwEAEYADICCAAyBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAcQHjICCAAyBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeOgQIABBHOgUIABDNAjoHCC4QQxCTAjoFCC4QsQM6BAguEEM6BQgAELEDOgcIABCxAxBDOgQIABANUItqWO5-YOqEAWgAcAF4AIABaIgBwwySAQQyMS4xmAEAoAEByAEIwAEB&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-serp#lkt=LocalPoiPhotos&trex=m_t:lcl_akp,rc_f:nav,rc_ludocids:7601657774784793155,rc_q:Chief%2520Vann%2520House%2520Historic%2520Site,ru_q:Chief%2520Vann%2520House%2520Historic%2520Site,trex_id:p1kF1e), which (if my link works properly) you can see was styled as if a European settler built it and lived there. It was, for all intents and purposes, a European/American plantation run on race based chattel slavery. The Vann's were also very likely the wealthiest Cherokee up to that point in all of history, and it's also important to note that from 1800-1840 the Cherokee nation had about 200 slave owners and about 575 enslaved Africans, the majority (83%) having less than 10 each. The Vanns had over 100 of the 575 (and by some accounts closer to 200), so they are in all ways an exceptional example (in the context of being an exception to the norm) of Cherokee life and slavery.

Around the year 2000, Tiya Miles went on a tour and found the imformation on enslavement at Diamond Hill/Cheif Vann House wanting as it wasn't really approached at all, yet the historic site was billed as an excellent view into early 19th century Cherokee elitism. She thought that the lives of black folks on Diamond Hill, free and enslaved, could be interpreted much more honestly and fully and set out to do so, not only changing the way the house is presented today but writing several books about it in the process (which I cite in my other post). Part of her project involved students' research into the history of the Vann House;

The most exciting component of my public history work with the Vann House museum is a research project that I developed with students in an upper level undergraduate course at the University of Michigan, titled “Blacks, Indians, and the Making of America.” With the goal of increasing awareness of African American history at this historic site, nearly thirty students in the class from diverse racial and cultural backgrounds researched the history of the Vann plantation, relying on sources ranging from Moravian missionary diaries to Works Progress Administration narratives of former slaves of Indians, to classic secondary sources on slavery in the Cherokee Nation. The students shared their research findings with their classmates and then wrote individual papers on their chosen topics. The papers were edited, shortened, combined, and compiled over a summer by a team of African American and Native American students who worked closely with me. The result of this work is a booklet titled African American History at the Chief Vann House, intended to illuminate, commemorate, and contextualize the lives of enslaved Africans and African Americans who labored on the Vann plantation.

That booklet is available as a [PDF] (https://tiyamiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/VannFinal.pdf) and has plenty of great information on what an elite Cherokee plantation looked like. But remember, this shows us what it was to be at that extreme end of the spectrum in their society and is not generally representative of a typical Cherokee farmer.

(The numbers I quoted are based primarily on the research of those students.)