Or was it an invention of the movie 300 (2007)? It is as good time to revisit 300 as it has been released in a great new transfer on 4K UHD Blu-Ray. Also a good time to read up about the Spartans.
I came across this quote on an Italian website -
http://inesattezze.blogspot.com/2008/03/leonida-1.html
Original: " Secondo Giulio Cesare, i Re spartani erano allenati fin dall'infanzia alla battaglia e avevano un vero e proprio culto, a suo dire, per pettorali e addominali chelonici (da chélys "testuggine")."
Google Translation: " According to Julius Caesar, the Spartan kings were trained from childhood to battle and had a real cult, according to him, for chelonic pectorals and abdominals (from chélys "tortoise")." Tortoise is still sometimes used as modern slang for a highly developed six-pack.
Questions -
/u/Iphikrates has written an answer on what Spartan bodies would actually have looked like. I recommend looking at his list of answers, which contains lots of good information on Sparta and Spartan society https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/profiles/iphikrates#wiki_sparta
This isn't to discourage further answers on the topic or answers on the specific questions you've raised!