Are there any maps of what the US would look like if it honored all its treaties with Amerindians? I know there's native-land.ca, but that website doesn't seem to distinguish between land ceded by tribes to the US and land reserved to the tribes by treaty. In light of the recent McGirt v Oklahoma and Oneida v Hobart decisions, I'd be interested to know what a "post-treaty-implementation" US map would look like.

What are a couple good, general histories of American labor? I listened to a really interesting interview with a labor historian about auto industry workplace violence the other day, and I realized I know almost nothing about the UAW, and I had never heard of Walter Reuther beyond his name.

Since I'm from Kentucky, I know about mining/railroad towns, scrip, Harlan, etc. since everyone here knows about those things, and half of my own family came from that background. I also know some of the broad basics, like the AFL, IWW, and CIO; industrial vs. craft unionism; Debs and A. Phillip Randolph, Smith Act, etc. But I don't know the specifics of anything non-Appalachian.

If the former Yugoslavia was made up of mutually incompatible ethnicities right from the start, how come the war didn't broke out earlier?

What's the story of cornbread in Europe? Did they independently discover you could make bread with corn or is it imported from North America? Is North American cornbread considered to be Native American in origin or European?

Hi, under the Ottoman's millet system, Orthodox Christianity was allowed to survive and as far as I understand it, most of them would just call themselves Greeks or even Romans. And the moment they would convert, they would be referred as "turks" The Ottoman Empire operated on a religious axis rather than on an ethnic one. But before the introduction of nationalism, people were seemingly assigned some "ethnicities". Some were called Hungarians, some were called Bulgarians... The Phanariots were furthermore distinctly called Greek.

Is it based on geographical location? and/or language spoken? What exactly goes through people's mind when assigning one another what seems to be an ethnic category?

What very verbally complex speech did Nixon give sometime shortly before 1975?

This is a graph showing the Flesch-Kincaid readability test of presidential speeches over time. There seems to be a notable outlier during Nixon's tenure around 1973-1974. Does anyone know what the exact speech is?

Were there kingdoms/empires where slavery was not expressly outlawed/forbidden but was not a big money business or may have only been practiced in certain regions? I.e. a region on the border forcing prisoners of war into slavery but without too much trade taking place.

How did the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth expand to such massive territory and how could it keep it through so many years?

Was the Monopoly board game played in the USSR?

I couldn't find it on google nor the relevant AskHistorians mod post about it so maybe someone here knows.

Among some of the banned things is type of argument against returning museum artifacts because the origin country is corrupt/at war/bad/whatever.

What is the term for this sort of argument?

I made a thread for his but it was removed for "basic facts" and I was told to post it here.

The first Africans to arrive in Virginia in 1619 -- were they slaves or indentured servants?

I'm getting conflicting accounts on this from different sources. On this wikipedia page it says:

Though the history of blacks in Virginia begins in 1619, the transition of status from indentured servant to lifelong slave was a gradual process. Some historians believe that some of the first blacks who arrived in Virginia were already slaves; they were certainly enslaved. Others state that such individuals were taken into the colony as indentured servants.

One podcast I listened to said they were slaves but they "bought their freedom". I thought the whole point of being a slave, rather than a servant, was that you couldn't do that?

If they were slaves, were they the first slaves in America or were there other non-African slaves there already? Also I'm getting the impression that at that time the distinction between servant and slave was pretty blurred.

Thanks.

Which accounts do we have of Arctic territories (specially, but not limited to Sàpmi) before "Lapponia" by Johannes Schefferus in 1673 and Olaus Magnus "Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus" (A Description of the Northern Peoples) from 1555?

Thank you

In the Victorian/Edwardian era, if a family who packed up and left their country house to go to London for the "season", which of their servants would accompany them and which ones would remain at the country estate to keep it up?

When the Socialist Party of America was getting hundreds of thousands of votes in the early 20th Century, did either of the major two parties consider them a "spoiler"? Did anyone say, for example, a vote for Debs is a vote for Harding?

What did "living off the land" for French revolutionary armies actually mean?

1. Did troops go out to forage and hunt in the wilderness?
2. Did they forcefully commandeer foodstuffs from local populations?
3. Did commanders sign supply contracts with local businesses and farms?
4. Or was it some combination of the three, depending on where, when, situation, etc.

Was support for the Union/Confederacy pretty cleanly divided by borders, or were there pockets of resistance and/or dissent based on ideology instead of which side of the border they lived on?

What was the general American public response to the New York Zouave regiments uniform during the civil war?

Were they seen as cool and exotic? Or weird and foreign, being French-African?

What did the French think?

Does anyone know where I can look at current day photos of the pass at thermopylae where the famous "300 battle" occured.

Thanks in advanced.

Hi! I hope this question is okay, but does anyone have recommendations for a textbook on native history in North America? Ideally the content level of a AP World History or AP European History textbook for high schoolers; something in-depth but still easy to comprehend.

Why did Qianlong treat Quang Trung so well despite it was Qianlong's victory? Was this common among Qing's subjugated enemies?

I'm reading The Count of Monte Cristo, and in the year 1829 Dantes is told that a treasure he is inheriting is worth about 30,000,000 French francs. I couldn't find very comprehensible information for what that value would be today, in USD after inflation and all that. Anyone know the answer?

I was wondering about the pre-Civil War curriculum of West Point. Were cadets trained in all aspects of Military doctrine; infantry, cavalry, artillery, engineering, logistics, fortifications etc?

Or did cadets get a simple overview of everything then specialize in a certain aspect?

I've heard that early military academies were primarily engineering and artillery schools with a heavy focus on gentlemanly manners.

These questions were inspired by Emperor Napoleon and the much later Stonewall Jackson being first trained Artillerymen but would go on to be skilled overall commanders known for their speed and hitting power with their artillery.

How much schooling in the US military academy would have a young Thomas Jackson received on Napoleon's tactics?

Is there any evidence to support the assertion that ancient Greeks were actively intolerant of other religions to the point of exclusion? EG banning the worship of other faiths, punishing practitioners, etc.?

It doesn't really fit with my image of the Greeks, but I wonder if perhaps that's due to my understanding of Roman Cosmology simply being the reductive notion that different religions are all fundamentally the same thing, just described in different languages.

I’m curious when trick or treating started. Is it connected to how Halloween began, or is it more connected to something else like commercialization of the holiday?

Why do depictions of dullahans have a trope of flames coming out of their necks?

Following the introduction of tobacco into the western world, were there any superstitions caused by nicotine addiction? I would imagine in a world of ghosts and demons, any form of addiction could be perceived as a demonic possession.

What did early humans do about thigh chafing? Especially since they likely ran long distances regularly.

What was the importance of tungsten and rubber during WWII? I’ve seen it mentioned a few times in answers but don’t really know why.

Hi all. I am attempting to identify the young girl in the middle of this historic photo. It’s from a photographic series from W.E.B. Du Bois that was shown at the World Fair in Paris, as well as Buffalo, NY. I know it was taken around 1900 in Georgia. Any help or info on finding out her identity is greatly appreciated. Here is a link to the photo Girl in the middle of photo

In areas of Europe like France and Spain, was the crown regarded in the same light as we regard our presidents?

It’s been suggested (by mods here) that historians view non-European civilizations to not be true civilizations, and as such, historians will avoid questions using the term ‘civilization.’ How did historians come to this view, and how do historians determine if they are being more descriptive, or if they expressing subtle racism of low expectations?

In 1844, one of the cannons on the naval ship USS Princeton exploded during a gala on its maiden voyage, killing multiple government officials and other upper-class attendees. Meanwhile, below deck, a crowd including then-President John Tyler's son-in-law was singing a famous Revolutionary War song, and Tyler decided to stay below deck as it was his favourite song when he was younger. The song got to the critical line "eight hundred men lay slain" and, in perfect sync, there was a loud bang. The crowd cheered loudly before someone above deck shouted that the Secretary of State had died. Had John Tyler witnessed the explosion instead of staying below deck to hear his old favourite song, he may very well have died.

I find articles about this story everywhere, and some even mention the song, but I have not been able to find the name of the song. Can someone please identify this song?

How many countries did the world have before WW1?

Surprisingly, I couldn't find the answer on Google, only for Europe