How did people from different early civilisations and nations learned to communicate with each other without knowing the language? Did they have any troubles due to the language barrier and how were they overcome?

by chart1742

For instance communication between Roman and Persian empires with China or European explorers in America, India, Japan etc.

Takeoffdpantsnjaket

I am unable to speak to anything beyond your question regarding European explorers in the Americas, but for that answer I provided [this response] (https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/j6tlvw/when_western_europe_arrived_in_the_new_world_how/) to that question regarding the English, which includes a great [link] (https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/erm9fy/how_did_the_spanish_conquistadors_and_early/) to an answer concerning the Spanish facing the same challenge by the very knowledgeable u/TywinDeVillena.