I found a US Navy Bureau of Ordnance report which discusses small arms procurement. Throughout WWII, the Army procured small arms on behalf of the Navy as their requirements were much smaller some numbers are listed there, they had a variety from the Colt .45 automatic pistol to shotguns and Brownings.

You can see here the armory of the USS Cebu ARG-6, a repair ship, again showing a wide variety of weaponry.

I also found a selection of salvage diaries from divers working on ships sunk at Pearl Harbor which mention small arms brought up from ships. Not many figures, but it does mention 691 boxes of small arms ammunition and misc. spare parts and ordnance gear and 109 boxes of small arms ammunition from the West Virginia, an ~1,300 man crewed battleship, and 'one hundred eight .30 caliber rifles and three .30 caliber Browning automatic rifles' from the Arizona, an ~1,100 man crewed battleship.