Not quite the same, no. The major towns of Italia by the Late Republic were mostly all coloniae or municipia, and they were governed by two men, called creatively the duumviri "the two men." The term duumvir is a generic Latin term, and there were specific duumviri at Rome, but these town magistrates were also called duumviri. These two officials were elected by the people of the town annually, and their function was a blend of political, religious, clerical, and judicial. They were a lot like miniature consuls, but with added functions of praetors, quaestors, and prefects in the Roman sense. They interfaced with the local town assembly, the local priests, the local senate or oligarchic group (if there was one), and so forth. In some town, these two duumviri were assisted to two "aediles, " or junior magistrates, to form a four-man governing team.

The variety of the civic arrangements is vast, with each town doing its own particular thing, but most followed the duumviri model more or less. Sometimes the duumvirs were elected for multiple years instead of just one year. This applies also to Provincial towns, especially coloniae. The Greek towns often continued to function under their old Hellenistic frameworks, with a boule and an ekklesia and archons.

A lot of our evidence for the specifics of the duumviri and what they got up to comes from Pompeii and neighboring towns, which due to the eruption of Versuvius left behind a lot of inscriptional evidence. So we find electioneering graffiti for guys trying to get elected to the post, duumvirs providing gladiator teams for games, etc. Here is a nice little page exploring the roles of civic authority in Pompeii.