You might like a question I answered specifically about interaction between ancient Greek and Indian philosophy:
If you are asking about whether differences between cultures prompted much reflection in ancient Greek philosophy, the answer is: not really. As I outline in my post above, ancient Greek philosophy (at least in the periods that receive the most scholarly attention: the archaic, classical, and Hellenistic periods), Greek philosophy is really a response to contemporaneous Greek problems. What the Egyptians did, etc., was not often viewed as very pertinent. Plato, in the Laws, does attribute some of his social-political ideas to the Egyptians (e.g., censorship of some forms of art), but it isn't really clear that these ideas were actually Egyptian or whether he is just trying to bolster the pedigree of the ideas by making them seem mysteriously old and venerable (which is something I discuss also in my post linked above).
The only examples I can think of that make me kind of, sort of answer 'yes' come in the anonymous text, the Dissoi Logoi [Double Arguments, i.e., expressing the idea that the author is arguing on both sides of a certain topic], where the author seems to suggest that because one culture says one thing and another culture says another thing, there is therefore no truth. Note that this argument was roundly rejected in ancient Greek philosophy, and it isn't really clear what the Dissoi Logoi actually is even attempting. If we had more context about it, we could say more.
An example of the Dissoi Logoi:
"The Massagetai cut up their parents and eat them, and they think that the finest tomb is to buried inside one's children, but in Greece if someone did these things, he would be driven out of Greece" (DL 2.11-14).
That's probably the closest thing I can think of to Greek thinkers reflecting on other cultures and then using that disagreement as evidence for something or as a launching-pad to some thought. But we have to remember that this sort of thinking was rejected by those who came later.