Yes, both had plans for survival of governance and rebuilding of the post-attack world. Usually these are labeled under the heading of Civil Defense, which are plans put in place to try and mitigate the effects of a nuclear war. In the US these kinds of plans range from having sort of "shadow governments" that could take over from the presumably destroyed real governments, to plans that would involve the disposal of tens of millions of dead corpses, to plans to revitalize food production in fallout-effected areas, and so on. Whether these would be at all plausible depends on your assumptions about the attack and the possible responses to it.

But anyway — the history you're look at is largely found while looking under the heading of Civil Defense. For government survival, this is often called Continuity of Government. For the latter, see e.g. Garrett Graff's Raven Rock.