We are David Gerber and Bruce Dierenfield, and we're here to talk about the history of disability, education, and the law. Ask us anything!

by dierenfb

David Gerber is a professor emeritus of American history at SUNY Buffalo, specializing in disability, among other topics. Bruce Dierenfield is also a professor emeritus of American history at Canisius College, a Catholic Jesuit school in Buffalo, New York. He has studied religion and the law, among other topics. We recently published a book entitled, Disability Rights and Religious Liberty in Education: The Story Behind Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District (2020), which is available from the University of Illinois Press: https://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/73fym7hn9780252043208.html. Ask us anything about deafness, methodologies concerning deaf education in the late 20th century, and constitutional decisions regarding disability/deafness. We are also happy to talk about the disability rights movement, particularly when compared to the civil rights movement, as well as to talk about American disabled veterans.

dhowlett1692

Thanks for doing this! Was there a difference in enforcement/implementation of accessibility requirements between public and private schools? Could a religious school object to certain requirements?

Zeuvembie

Hi! Thank you for answering our questions. I'm not very familiar with deaf education and the laws around them, but I'm aware that religious schools have opposed things like desegregation. Did private religious schools in the United States resist new requirements to accommodate deaf students?

Abrytan

Thank you both for doing this AMA!

I'm curious how parents of children with disabilities/deaf children advocated for their children. Were they able to work with the educational system to get the support that was needed or were they forced to go outside it?

AncientHistory

Hello! Thanks for coming here and answering our questons!

How much did deaf education, or legislation for deaf education, crossover with education for the blind? Were they separate-but-related efforts, or were they closely allied toward a common goal?

GasmaskedMook

Thank you for your time!

I am curious to what degree disabled veterans (especially from mass casualty conflicts like WW1 and WW2) integrated into pre-existing disabled communities/support networks or if they formed their own ones. Was there any broader social distinction of disabled veteran and disabled civilian, especially five or ten years after their respective war was over?

TheHondoGod

Hello Professors! Thank you for this fascinating topic. I'm very curious when you say constitutional decisions regarding disability and deafness. What matter ended up requiring a constitutional decision? That seems pretty big!

For a second question if you don't mind, how has deaf education evolved over the 20th century? It seems like that century would have seen some incredible jumps in both technology and scientific understanding. How did that affect education?

OnShoulderOfGiants

How did the disability rights movement compare to the civil rights movement in scale and effectiveness? I have to admit this is the first time I've even heard of it, but it makes sense they would have been fighting for similar things.

TheHondoGod

For a more fun and light hearted question professors, do you have a favourite anecdote or moment from writing your book? Something that really struck you as an important experience?

badwolf-usmc

What do you think US federal programs like SSDI and SSI, administered by SSA, do well and what is one important thing can they do to improve?

and__how

Hello! I'm an archivist with a history background, currently beginning to work with the topic of disability and the archives (from the point of view of a person who herself has an invisible disability). I'm curious to hear any thoughts you might have on the ways disability (and/or deafness specifically) is represented in archives, from the researcher's point of view.

A couple aspects I'd be particularly interested to hear about would be the process of finding, identifying, and searching for relevant archival records; observations on use of language in catalogue records, subject headings, finding aids, etc.; and the relationships you perceive between archives, communities, and academia. However I'd love to hear any observations you may have!

Bitchytherapist

Hello! I am from Serbia and have master degree in special education of deafs . Even though it is considered that education of disabled has started with Pedro Pons de Leon it is not really accurate. It became practice after wwl when survivors were often disabled and incapable to work jobs they had worked before war. So l am curious if there have been any differences in USA and how it changed through history. Thank you for your time and wish you the best.

SubstantialUnion6

My mom was the daughter of a WWII veteran and grew up in Texas during the 50's and 60's. Her father's gparents came from Mexico and Italy and her mother's people were Native American. My mom was born and raised in El Paso. My grandfather looked white and was not restricted by segregation but my grandmother was restricted by segregation.

My mother sustained an injury to her eye as a very small child. Her eye was lazy and she had pressure like pain in her eye and headaches after the injury. My grandmother took my mom to doctors in Texas and to doctors over the border to Jaurez for treatment. After a decade of misdiagnosis and surgeries my mom was taken to UCLA in California. The doctors said had my mom been brought to them sooner they could have saved her eye. The only way they could help her was by removing her eye. She has lived with a glass eye since she was 14 years old. She is now in her mid 60's.

My question has always been, was my mom denied proper care in El Paso, Texas in the 50's and 60's because of segregation? My grandmother and mom would never say, why did she receive bad care?

TheWinStore

Regarding the recent Endrew F. decision, do you think it will succeed in ensuring a higher caliber of education for students with disabilities? And are the concerns related to inequity legitimate? (Basically, rich parents can demand more services from rich districts while poorer families are unequally served?)

funkyedwardgibbon

Thank you for doing this. I was wondering how the disability/deafness rights movement was received by university educational establishments; and was there much of a notable difference between how it was treated by public and/or secular universities compared to nominally religious institutions.

I ask because it was my understanding that religious orders played a large part in 'ministering to' the deaf/disabled, and I wonder how that old fashioned paternalism was affected by the movement.

Jetamors

Thanks for doing an AMA here! I know that the Black Panthers supported disability rights protests in the 1970s; did they have any particular involvement in the education aspects of the movement?