I know proper castles only came to England after 1066 with William the Conqueror and the Normans, but I find it difficult to believe the Anglo-Saxons didn't construct any sort of fortifications. So my question is: did they, and if so, what did these Anglo-Saxon fortresses look like?
Yes, they did - and quite extensively, even. More can always be said on the matter of the Anglo-Saxon burh, so if anyone else wants to have a go at it, please don't let this post stop you! We never turn down new material. For the meantime, we have quite a bit of existing posts on just this matter, mostly by u/BRIStoneman:
And they even provide their PhD thesis on the burh system as it was in Mercia in that first link. (It's titled "Mutually Assured Construction", at which point I had to grab the thing. Oh god, my backlog.)