There was immense interest in extraterrestrials as a real possibility in the 1970s onward (you'll find several rather famous purported UFO sightings in the USSR just as you will in the USA, e.g. the Voronezh incident); these aliens are envisioned more generally as a potential problem, as your quote shows. UFO sightings peak in the 1950s-1970s, and are reoriented in a more scientific way through American initiatives like SETI and Soviet scholars like Iosif Shklovsky.

There is a pressing anxiety about extraterrestrials and space more generally accentuating the smallness and fragility of humanity. The Soviet case inherits a rather unique conception of extraterrestrials, originating in the late 19th century with the philosophy of cosmism and probably hitting its zenith in the earliest years of the Soviet Union.

Extraterrestrials are, of course, inextricably linked to space travel (to or from!). There are some excellent films that grapple with some of these questions (and are good movies!) that I recommend: Solaris, Stalker, Planeta Bur, and Per Aspera Ad Astra all present different views of aliens: as beneficent, as insidious, as straightforward monsters.

I've written here on earlier visions of space travel and extraterrestrials. Red Star is an aspirational novel where the utopian visions of the future are transposed to extraterrestrials; Zamyatin's We is a dystopian exploration of the same. Bogdanov is an author of debatable quality, but his characters are wonderful reflections of early Bolshevik thinking.

Tolstoy's Aelita is a fantastic novel where an engineer travels to Mars and discovers an advanced civilization populated by a proletarian class, with some echoes of Germinal. There's an intriguing film on Aelita, with wonderfully Bolshevik sets, in 1924. Krementsov's Martian Stranded on Earth and Revolutionary Experiments explore these questions, along with Vucinich's histories of Russian and Soviet science, but I think the films probably are the best jumping off point.