Besides recommending various general surveys on the topic; such as:

Paxton, R. - The Anatomy of Fascism

Payne, S. - A History of Fascism, 1914-45

Griffin, R. - Fascism

I would also suggest checking out a few old posts available here.

A rather long one on the historical roots of the term in Italian politics and on its first resurgence and new acquired meaning in 1919-20. Some coverage to the ideological contents of early fascism here and here, as well as a more concise summary here. A shorter summary of analogue content here.

Also a longer examination of the social and political context, as well as of the ideological roots of early fascism in Italy.

Additional reading suggestions here.

Feel free to ask if you have any follow up questions, but these should at least provide you with some understanding of the "origins" part and of its adoption in its historical context.