The Norman Invasion of England saw English culture and language change quite a bit. How come nothing similar happened in Russia, Ukraine, and/or Belarus despite the fact that the Rurikid dynasty lasted as long as it did?
OK, sorry for responding your first attempt (since it is not always so easy to offer a satisfactory answer to your 'why X didn't Y' type question).
I'm not sure whether my following tentative answer can satisfy your curiosity, but anyway I can summarize some essential historiographical discussions concerning the origin and identify formation of the Rurikid dynasty (ruling elite of Kievan Rus') from a comparative point of view below.
1: Possible Problematic Premise: Did Norman Conquest belong to the typical pattern of Norse-Viking settlement movement in the so-called Viking Age?
Tl; dr: Norman conquest, allegedly accompanying with the drastic linguistic as well as cultural change in 11th century England, was not a typical 'Viking conquest'.
I assume I can understand why you tried to compare the formation (aggregation, possibly by military expedition or tribute taking) of the Rus' state with the Norman conquest, since the traditional (and notorious) historiographical debate on the origin of Kievan Rus' is called 'Norman controversy'.
The concept/ word 'Normans' has not a single meaning, however, and as I argued in Should the Norman Conquest be understood as another “Viking” incursion into England, or something different? and Did Normandy in William's time and before retain cultural links with Norway?, the Normans in Normandy had already lost much of their cultural ties with Scandinavia and assimilated with the local population by 1066. Thus, many people (including myself) suppose that the Normans in 1066 was enough 'Vikings' in general sense.
The Norman's relationship with the conquered local population (English) after the revolts in 1070s was different from other 'Viking' conquest since the late 9th century CE: almost total displacement of the English as a ruling local elite, as attested in Domesday Book (1086) (Thomas 2008), though the explanation by /u/BRIStoneman in How Anglo-saxon is the British nobility? is much more nuanced.
The pattern of settlement as well as the assimilation with the local population of the Norse people during the Viking Age differed from one place to another, so it is not so always easy to present the coherent picture. Not to mention it would be much difficult to compare the Norman invasion of England with the Rus' settlement in Volga-Dnieper waterways.
2:Hybrid Identity Formation of the Kievan Rus' elites (Rurikid)
As Downham illustrates, by the middle of the 20th century, and still in some popular history, Viking expansion had often been treated as a variant of national colonies of the Vikings, such as "Norwegian Vikings' expansion" into the North Atlantic and "the settlement of Swedes" into Russia. Some vehement criticism found in Russian scholars on the Norman controversy occurred in this context.
Now fortunately (?), we don't have to decide which 'racial' label, either Slavic or Scandinavian, we should applied to the 10th century Rus' people: Recent research has increasingly focused on the rather poly-ethnic-cultural origins of the new 'Christian' ruling elite group of Rus' in the end of the 1st millennium (Duczko 2004; Tolochko 2008). In other words, they suppose the Kievan Rus' around 1000 was de facto ruling group with the newly unified identity, originally based on diverse ethnic-cultural elements centered in Kiev and Russia, the crossroad of various peoples and trading activity. Not only local Slavic and trading-mercenary Scandinavian, but also some Byzantine and even steppe (Khazar) traits was merged in this new group.
The following are some examples of such ex-poly-ethnic cultural elements found in the new Rus' in late 10th and early 11th century:
From this point of view, the characteristics of the Rurikid had always been hybrid, as also attested in the famous Russian Primary Chronicle (Cf. Rukavishnikov 2003), rather than sole Scandinavian almost from the beginning, at least since the middle of the 10th century during the reign of Sviatoslav (d. 971). Even compared with another contemporary Rus' group in the 10th century Russia like those who were active in Volga-Bulgar region, the Rurikid could be regarded as 'less Scandinavian', as a recent textbook on the Vikings points out (Nordeide and Edwards 2019).
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