Speaking for Russia at least, I would say no. The reason that there were peasant revolts in 1905 and 1917 were specifically around issues of land ownership, rather than issues around land productivity.

To put those issues in perspective - in 1861 the Russian government emancipated 23 million serfs on private estates (with serfs on state land emancipated later) - ETA serfs made up about 23 million of a total population of 67 million, with about half of them on private estates, and the rest on state lands as "state peasants". While the initial decree provided for personal liberties to serfs, it only provided them with land under terms onerous to peasants and favorable to landlords. About a third of agricultural land on private estates was to be turned over to peasants, with landowners keeping the rest; they got to choose which lands to turn over, and generally kept good lands for themselves, as well as areas such as forests and grazing meadows which they charged fees for peasant use. Furthermore, the land that was provided to peasants was not a redistribution - the lands were valued above market rates, and the landowners were paid for these lands in bonds fronted by the state (and by landowners themselves) - the peasants, however, had to pay these bonds off as a "redemption tax" for 49 years (the payments were cancelled early in 1907).

Furthermore, even these lands allocated to peasant farmers were not freeholds (or khutors), but were distributed according to the village mir system, which provided so many strips of agricultural land to families in the village. A quickly increasing population - as occurred in the Russian Empire in the late 19th century and early 20th century - meant that there was less land to go around for more people. The village, furthermore, had authority over peasant property (so a peasant couldn't mortgage or sell the land), and was responsible for village members' redemption payments (it was liable if members did not pay), which limited the ability of peasants to move - they weren't allowed an internal passport until arrears had been paid off.

So a major issue that peasants faced is that while they were personally free and notionally owned land, they owned smaller and smaller pieces of communally managed and relatively low-yield land, were under an onerous payment plan to repay landowners for that benefit, and had to pay for access to other land resources to boot. And all of this while peasants held a widespread and persistent believe that they had a right to all the land by right of labor.

During the 1905 Revolution, this frustration boiled over in large parts of the agricultural sections of the empire: some 2,000 manors were burned, and peasants refused to pay any taxes - these rebellions were ultimately crushed by 1907. Even though by this period many landowners had begun to go bankrupt and sell off their lands to peasant farmers, with peasants increasing their ownership of lands to about 47% of the total, a mere 2% of the population owned the remaining 53%, and pressures for further redistribution remained.

Hopes for mass land redistribution were again raised during World War I, ironically initially on the government's part, expropriating lands owned by ethnic Germans, and promising land to peasants serving in the military who won military decorations (which led many peasants serving to believe they'd ultimately all get land). The Russian government seized maybe 15 million acres during the war, and this was actually one reason why grain production began to fall during the war (which fed into price raises and rationing). The February 1917 Revolution saw the start of "Black Repartition", whereby peasants themselves seized "excess" lands, livestock and implements owned by landowners - these were redistributed among villages. The Provisional Government tried to argue that redistribution needed to come after the elections and convocation of the Constituent Assembly, but were largely powerless to prevent this process. Lenin and Bolsheviks were as well, but decided to curry favor among the peasants by recognizing their fait accompli with the Decree on Land, passed on November 8, 1917 (a day after the Bolshevik takeover). Overall, something like 50 million acres were expropriated, and payments to landowners ceased.

So: the peasant revolutions in Russia in 1905 and 1917 were the result of decades' long grievances over land ownership and taxes, and were not proximally caused by access to nitrate fertilizers (or lack thereof).