We often hear of the valiant efforts of the RAF protecting Britain's skies during the Battle of Britain. But I'd like to know what the RN's role was. For example, did the Fleet Air Arm operate Spitfires (Seafires?) to protect the UK, from either Naval Air Stations or aircraft carriers?
At the time of the Battle of Britain, the Fleet Air Arm had few modern fighters in its inventory. It operated three main aircraft in the fighter role. These were the obsolete Gloster Sea Gladiator, the Blackburn Skua fighter/dive-bomber and the Fairey Fulmar. The Fulmar was a new aircraft, but was hampered by the fact that it was a two-seater aircraft (the result of poor naval procurement policies, which I described here). It had few of these aircraft; in September 1940, the FAA had 33 Skuas, 30 Fulmars and 15 Sea Gladiators. These were spread around the world, operating in the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Far East from the RN's carriers. Given these constraints, the RN provided little directly to the Battle of Britain. However, there were two FAA squadrons that were placed under RAF command during the Battle of Britain. 804 Squadron FAA, operating Sea Gladiators, and 808 Squadron, operating Fulmars, became part of the RAF's 13 Group. This was responsible for the defence of Scotland. The two FAA squadrons were deployed to protect the RN's base at Scapa Flow. 804 Squadron flew from RNAS Hatston on the island of Mainland in the Orkneys, while 808 Squadron flew from RAF Castletown, near the town of Wick on the Scottish mainland. They saw little fighting. Further south, the FAA's main contribution to the Battle of Britain was a contingent of pilots, sent to supplement the RAF's pilot reserves. 58 FAA pilots took part in the battle, flying as part of RAF squadrons. They flew the same Hurricane and Spitfires that the RAF flew. Of the 58 FAA pilots, 18 were shot down, with seven being killed and two wounded. Twelve of the pilots shot down German aircraft, with several making multiple claims. Four of them achieved the status of 'ace', by shooting down five aircraft, including one of the FAA's most successful pilots, Richard J. 'Dickie' Cork. Cork flew with 242 Squadron RAF, serving alongside Douglas Bader.