Unfortunately, most tales that you find are going to be along the lines of "The Jew Among Thorns." "The Jew" was too convenient a stock character to blame and abuse, I suppose.

Your best bet for something close to what you're looking for comes from within the Jewish population itself. I suggest this 3-volume collection, Folktales of the Jews. You can check out the table of contents on Google Books and see if that's about what you're looking for. The introduction to Vol. 1 sets the stage as beginning in 1492, the date of the legal expulsion of Jewish people from Spain. Another, broader, book that you might be interested in is Early Yiddish Texts 1100-1750.

Finally, you might look at the work of Joseph Jacobs (1854—1916), Jewish folklorist and historian. Although he didn't focus specifically upon Jewish tales in his fairy tale books, he did write about Jewish Contributions to Civilization.