Posting for my wife who live large parts of her life as a Middle-easterner in N African countries. I appreciated this is a rather open ended question but any help appreciated. Interested in all aspects trade, linguistics especially, pre/post Islam. Really want to know if there were any significant events or occurrences which led to the changes.
There's always more to say (especially on trade and Arabization) but I've covered the basic outline of this transition before