I think it is a common condition that people will suffer severe hardships or even die if they eat lots of food after extreme starvation, did this actually happen in case of death camp liberations?
This is unfortunately true, and didn’t only happen in camps liberated by the Soviets. When people experience starvation, particularly over a sustained period of time they can experience something called “re-feeding syndrome” which causes an imbalance of electrolytes that can be fatal. Most of the Allied soldiers who liberated camps were young men with no medical knowledge. Their automatic human response was to give the survivors any food they had on their persons, even among Soviet soldiers who had poorer rations, the food they had was often high calorie, high fat, and high protein. Perfect for soldiers marching and fighting, deadly to people who had survived six years of malnutrition. Many liberators later described the extreme trauma they experienced as young soldiers trying to help, and watching people literally drop down dead in front of them. Others who had medical training and knew the dangers remembered the trauma of having to deny starving people food because it would kill them. Once the liberators were able to contact medical corps this slowed, but survivors were still dying in droves of starvation, re-feeding syndrome, typhus, dysentery. In Bergen Belsen nearly 14,000 people died after the liberation by the British (the death toll is so high because Belsen was in the throes of a typhus epidemic which at the time had no known treatment). Most liberating forces were able to set up hospitals or other emergency care facilities on the ground at the liberated camps, and provided what emergency medical care and safe re-feeding was possible but in many ways the liberation was still somewhat uncoordinated, with liberating forces often struggling to get enough medical supplies and personnel. Most testimonies of Red Army liberators are in Russian, and depict the liberations of Auschwitz and Majdanek, a good English language text about the medical aspects of the liberation of concentration camps is “Bergen-Belsen 1945: A Medical Student's Journal”.