There's always more to be said, but in the meantime you may find some answers in this thread about the situation in Quebec after the 1759 fall of New France by u/enygma9753.

France had lost virtually all its prosperous sugar colonies in the West Indies to Britain during the Seven Years War. After the fall of Quebec, France prolonged the war until 1763, hoping to capture some British possesions as bargaining chips in the eventual peace. The British victory over the French fleet in the Battle of Quiberon Bay in 1759 sealed the fate of New France, denying the French any naval reinforcements, and marked the rise of British naval dominance in the seas.

Quebec (also known then as Canada or the Canadas) was a profitable colony when the fur trade was at its height during the 1600's but by the start of the war, this trade was in decline and it was costing more to administer and defend Quebec than the revenue it was returning to France.

In contrast, France's sugar islands were tremendously profitable. During the peace negotiations, France had the option to reclaim New France and give up Guadaloupe and its sugar, or keep Guadaloupe and surrender Quebec to Britain. France chose Guadaloupe. There was a collective sense of resentment, even betrayal, in the local habitant population that France had abandoned New France to an uncertain fate. France was still a monarchy at the time, so even the idea of a republic was completely foreign to the locals.

French Canadians were more independent-minded and less deferential to authority than their cousins in France proper (they had forged a separate identity as colonists for some 150 years) and were already wary of elites -- both civilian and religious. During Britain's early occupation of Quebec, Catholics were banned from high office and restrictions were placed on Catholic clergy. The British initially hoped that a wave of English Protestant migration would soon supplant and assimilate the French Catholic population. Had Britain used a heavy hand in Quebec then, it might have had a colony poised for rebellion 15 years later.

But as the thread above outlines, Quebec's first British governors soon recognized that it was better to work with and accommodate its French Catholic subjects, who numbered 70-80,000. The anticipated wave of Protestant settlement in Quebec didn't happen, meaning that they still had a potentially hostile French Catholic population to contend with.

No legislative assembly was permitted in the colony, alienating the English Protestant merchant class who would have otherwise dominated it and essentially ruled over a disenfranchised population. This New England-style government did not happen as British authorities were also generous in permittting Quebec to retain many of its institutions, laws and practices from the Ancien Regime. The effect of this was to blunt any tendencies in the local majority French population to revolt.

Quebec's mistrust of their hostile New England neighbours was an ever-present factor. American colonists had been actively involved in attacks on New France, along with Iroquois allies, throughout the colony's history. They were vociferously anti-Catholic, disparaged French culture and had no desire to accommodate the "papist faith" in the continent. While the Quebec habitants were leery of the British, they trusted the American colonists even less and would later rebuke their neighbours' appeals to join the Revolution.

There was no upside in their minds: to join the rebellion would provoke the wrath of Britain, cost them privileges that were guaranteed under British law and risk likely cultural assimilation under America. They thought it best to let the English and the Americans fight amongst themselves and to stay neutral. This was seen as the most pragmatic choice.

They would not rebel against Britain, but they wouldn't actively fight for her either.