From Cicero: "It is reported also that Homer was blind, but we observe his painting as well as his poetry." Homer painted?!

by envatted_love

A speaker in Cicero's Tusculan Disputations mentions that Homer was a painter. Is this simply a figurative reference to Homer's way with words, or did people in the late Republic know of/believe they knew of actual Homeric paintings?

Here's the whole paragraph (5.34, emphasis added):

Diodorus the Stoic was blind, and lived many years at my house. He, indeed, which is scarcely credible, besides applying himself more than usual to philosophy, and playing on the flute, agreeably to the custom of the Pythagoreans, and having books read to him night and day, in all which he did not want eyes, contrived to teach geometry, which, one would think, could hardly be done without the assistance of eyes, telling his scholars how and where to draw every line. They relate of Asclepiades, a native of Eretria, and no obscure philosopher, when some one asked him what inconvenience he suffered from his blindness, that his reply was, “He was at the expense of another servant.” So that, as the most extreme poverty may be borne if you please, as is daily the case with some in Greece, so blindness may easily be borne, provided you have the support of good health in other respects. Democritus was so blind he could not distinguish white from black; but he knew the difference between good and evil, just and unjust, honorable and base, the useful and useless, great and small. Thus one may live happily without distinguishing colors; but without acquainting yourself with things, you cannot; and this man was of opinion that the intense application of the mind was taken off by the objects that presented themselves to the eye; and while others often could not see what was before their feet, he travelled through all infinity. It is reported also that Homer was blind, but we observe his painting as well as his poetry. What country, what coast, what part of Greece, what military attacks, what dispositions of battle, what array, what ship, what motions of men and animals, can be mentioned which he has not described in such a manner as to enable us to see what he could not see himself? What, then! can we imagine that Homer, or any other learned man, has ever been in want of pleasure and entertainment for his mind? Were it not so, would Anaxagoras, or this very Democritus, have left their estates and patrimonies, and given themselves up to the pursuit of acquiring this divine pleasure? It is thus that the poets who have represented Tiresias the Augur as a wise man and blind never exhibit him as bewailing his blindness. And Homer, too, after he had described Polyphemus as a monster and a wild man, represents him talking with his ram, and speaking of his good fortune, inasmuch as he could go wherever he pleased and touch what he would. And so far he was right, for that Cyclops was a being of not much more understanding than his ram.

Or have I simply misread this, and it is figurative after all? (Against this: The line specifically mentions both Homer's painting and poetry, as though they were meant to be two distinct things.)

LegalAction

Sorry this is short. It's a "painting" in the sense of painting with words. The Lewis and Short uses this very passage as a reference for that figurative language:

II. Trop., a painting, picture in words: “animum ab istā picturā imaginibusque virtutum traducere,” Cic. Tusc. 5, 5, 14: Homerum tradunt caecum fuisse; “at ejus picturam, non poësin videmus,” id. ib. 5, 39, 114.

I apologize that your text has a slightly different numeration than the L&S. That's not uncommon. This is the passage you're looking at though.

The point is that Homer paints such a vivid picture (in words) of his characters and story that we can visualize them viscerally, and so he must have seen things to be able to describe them so vividly. The experience of Homer, while the audience listens, is visual for the listener, not auditory.

KiwiHellenist

It's figurative. Even in your English version, the sentence isn't a statement about Homer's hobbies ('and in his spare time he did frescoes and watercolours'), it's a statement about 'our' perceptions of his output.

The Latin word used -- at 5.(39).114, not 5.34 -- is pictura. It does indeed literally mean 'painting', but it's also regularly used figuratively. It can just as easily be translated 'picture' in the most general sense. The figurative sense even has an entry of its own in the old Lewis & Short dictionary,

painting, picture in words

A parallel usage appears in Tusculan disputations 5.(5).14:

cum autem animum ab ista pictura imaginibusque virtutum ad rem veritatemque traduxeris ...

When, however, one has led the soul away from the visions of that picture of the virtues to the truth of reality ...

and that's clearly not a physical painting. In your passage, one less misleading way of rendering it would be

It is said that Homer was blind too. But we see his art of depiction (pictura), not his verbal artistry (poesim).