Great Britain is the only country which the first historical ruler that comes to my head is a queen.
Queen Elizabeth I, Queen Anne, Queen Victoria, even now Queen Elizabeth II is one of the most well knows political figures in the world, despite not having much real power. There were some powerful non-British Queens like Catherine the Great or Maria Theresa, but they were a pretty rare exceptions. A lot of European countries never even had a single queen.
Was there anything particular about England/Great Britain that made it more common for women to ascend to the throne? Or is it just a coincidence that so many British queens became so well know?
Actually, there were a lot of queens in other countries - they just don't tend to be as well-known in the anglosphere as English queens. I have several past answers that deal with some:
Were women monarchs as respected as their male counterparts?
On Berenguela of Castile (Tuesday Trivia)
What was the relationship between Queen Joanna the Mad and her children like
There are two reasons why England/Great Britain/the UK had the number of queens that it did: 1) there was no law against it, as was implemented in France, and 2) some kings just didn't have male heirs for various reasons. That's really it.