What theories are generally accepted by historians regarding why so many medieval paintings look like something out of a hellscape fever dream?

by usual_unusual

You know the paintings I'm talking about. The ones that are often used for memes and look like something only insanity could come up with. What're the running theories for these paintings? Old timey hallucinations? Literal fever dreams? Extreme metaphors?? I'd love to understand them a little more.

WelfOnTheShelf