After firearms became a common element of warfare in Europe, was access to gunpowder and weapons a serious hindrance to certain military action? Were there regions or economies at a disadvantage because they lacked the raw materials or industry to produce ready supplies?

Not 100% answering to OP's original questions, /u/ParallelPain (expert in Japanese Sengoku History) and I recently wrote posts on how different regions across the World tried to secure the supply of gunpowder in the 16th and 17th centuries, either by trade or by making it domestically in the special facility in: Where did the original raw materials for gunpowder (black power?) come from.