What you "know" is not, unfortunately, correct.

Before Israel gained control of Jerusalem in 1967, in a war with Jordan, Egypt, and Syria (Israel attacked Egypt, which was blockading Israel, and Syria and Jordan then attacked Israel), the area was held by Jordan.

Jordan had gained Jerusalem and the West Bank for the period from 1949-67. It had gained control following the Israeli-Arab War of 1948, in which Israel declared independence in the former British Mandate for Palestine (a British-controlled territory, not a state of Palestine, to be clear) and was invaded by surrounding Arab states.

Before Jordan controlled it, the British were in charge of Jerusalem.

Before the British, the Ottoman Empire was in charge of Jerusalem.

Before that, you can go further back into various Arab Empires, the Romans, the ancient Israelite kingdoms, and more, but in short, "Palestine owned Jerusalem before Israel took over" would be incorrect, and before Israel it was Jordan.