Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A History with Documents by Charles D. Smith gives a pretty comprehensive overview up to the Trump Administration with supporting primary documents. It caught some flack for beginning its narrative in the Ancient Middle East, but the author acknowledges that the origins of the current conflict are modern, and I thought the added ancient info helped to understand some of the identitarian issues that have emerged as part of the conflict.
Not too dissuade any further answers, but AskHistorians does have exactly what you're looking for in the form of (in my opinion) a great book list about this very subject. An FAQ and of course, a previous AMA from 6 years ago about this very topic by u/tayaravaknin. Hopefully more flaired and non-flaired users can chime in to help you with your research, OP!
FAQ: The history of Israel, Palestine and the conflict between the Jews and Muslims
I just posted this comment to a similar thread yesterday. You might find it (and the other answers in the thread) useful.
Land, Labor, and the Origins of the Israeli Palestinian Conflict by Gershon Shafir focuses on how the early years of settlement in Palestine shaped Zionist attitudes towards their project. He argues that the first and second aliyot (waves of settlement) contain the key to understanding Zionism as a project of settler colonialism.
The Hundred Years' War on Palestine by Rashid Khalidi discusses Zionist settler colonialism from a Palestinian perspective. In addition to being Palestinian, Khalidi also has very intimate ties to the history he discusses (iirc he was an advisor during the first intifada). Unlike many history books, he weaves his own story with that of Palestine and does it masterfully.
The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine by Ilan Pappe discusses the Nakba (trans. Catastrophe), during which over 700,000 Palestinians were ethnically cleansed from their homeland by the embryonic Zionist state. He argues that this was a fully planned effort, done in order to ensure a racially pure (Jewish) Palestine.