More can of course be said by someone more specialised in the topic, but this past answer by myself is relatively related to your question, particularly two aspects:

Firstly, most Chinese migrants not just to the United States but indeed the wider Pacific world (plus Cuba) did so originally as low-cost contract labourers, so there was already a guarantee of employment to begin with. They did so under conditions more-than-coincidentally similar (but still, it must be said, distinct) to earlier African slavery, as recruiters from Peru and Cuba sought plantation workers after the growing crackdown on the international slave trade, and this was a form of employment that mainly attracted working-class Han men. The emergence of a 'credit-ticket' system, whereby employers covered the cost of passage, further eased things.

Secondly, once migration was underway, people kept in touch with relatives back home and formed 'native-place associations' linking together migrants from particular regions. These associations would remain coherent even as members came and went in a sort of revolving door, and meant that those leaving could expect to find some kind of coherent community on the other side.