In the late 19th century, the United States was undergoing a massive economic boom and becoming the world's foremost industrial power, yet millions till chose to emigrate to Brazil rather than the US. What reasons might they have had for doing so?

by Xythian208
Commercialismo

Well depending on how late in the 19th century, Brazil too was undergoing a massive economic boom. Under the Empire of Brazil, it was stated by many that Brazil was slated to become a superpower in the Americas. Even putting that aside though, Brazil received many immigrants during the latter half of the 19th century because they promoted migration to Brazil and established many privileges for people immigrating to Brazil that werent present in America.

Brazil instituted policies promising large swaths of land to build settlements in Brazil to attract immigrants from countries like Germany which made migration to Brazil seem appealing for many immigrants. Although it is worth noting that there were were also millions who voluntarily migrated to the Americas for work, and as a matter of fact more Germans migrated to America than to somewhere like Brazil, so don't necessarily discount how much more frequent that was as well.

tl;dr with some extra context added in. European migrants that went to Brazil did so because the Brazilian government established a series of incentives such as giving them swathes of lands to establish "colonies" that which incentivized large scale migration into Brazil to take advantage of a perceived abundance of fertile unoccupied lands, combine this with a booming Brazilian economy at the time and it makes sense why groups like Germans would migrate to Brazil.

Extra reading (sources): Immigration, Ethnicity, and National Identity in Brazil, 1808 to the present (discusses migration but also how those migrations contributed to and impacted the development of Brazil as a nation state.)

Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891 (excellent biography of Pedro II and book for his policies during the Brazilian Empire that led to it's prosperity).