Reviewing the logs of CAP fighter losses at the Battle of Midway in Shattered Sword reveals that several Type 0 carrier fighters (commonly known as the Zero fighter) were lost during engagements with American aircraft attacking Kidō Butai. Fourteen Type 0s were shot down while on CAP duty, with probably the single greatest concentration of Japanese fighters lost during a running engagement with then Lieutenant Commander Jimmy Thach's section of fighters, where he utilised his newly developed "Thach Weave" combat manuver to great effect. Of the lost Japanese fighters, one Type 0 is listed as shot down by SBD dive bombers, flown by Warrant Officer Kodama Yoshimi off of Hiryū, shot down during an attack on Marine Corps flown SBDs operating from Midway. However, many Type 0s are also listed as having been shot down by generic American aircraft over the course of the major dive bomber attack on Kidō Butai from about 1006 to 1040 in the morning.

So, to give an answer to your question, it is unlikely that SBDs would have shot down as many Type 0 carrier fighters as are shown throughout the film Midway. However, it's absolutely not impossible for it to happen. After all, the SBD had multiple machine guns for self-defense, and massed dive bomber squadrons could put up intense screens of defensive fire. Outside of the battle of Midway, there are of course other examples of Type 0 fighters being shot down by dive bombers. However, the simple fact is that dive bombers aren't exactly meant to go hunting enemy fighters.

Sources

• Jonathan Parshall & Anthony Tully, Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway

• John B. Lundstrom, The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway