Yes, absolutely. For example, in the southeastern region where the Muscogee/Creeks lived (present day Alabama & Georgia), cattle and hogs were introduced through the colonies of Carolina and the Spanish settlements in Florida. As the deer population dwindled due to over-hunting and loss of habitat, Creek hunters turned toward cattle ranching. It provided a similar occupation to the deerskin trade. There were also a large number of travelers moving through the Creek towns in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, mostly Americans and Europeans that preferred beef or pork to venison. Creeks had a number of hotels and taverns along the road to cater to these travelers tastes. Cows, hogs, and sheep were also given to Creeks by the federal government as part of the "civilization project," in an effort to justify seizing Creek hunting territory. Cattle was a source of a lot of conflict amongst Creeks and between Creeks and white settlers. Much of the beef and pork eaten by the Creeks when they were forcibly removed to the Indian Territory in what is now eastern Oklahoma came from the Creeks and the Afro-Creeks own herds. Once in Indian Territory, Creeks and other relocated southern Indians raised large herds of cattle that supplied a large portion of the American market. Nearly all of those herds were stolen or destroyed during the American Civil War, much of it likely going to feed soldiers and refugees on both sides. Creeks in Indian Territory leading up the Civil War, according to the Loyal Creek Claims (from losses in the Civil War) indicate that goats, mules, sheep, horses, cows, chickens, geese, and bees were common property. Sources: Creek Country, Robbie Ethridge; Deerskins & Duffels, Katherine Braund