In 1988, why were the Armenians of the Nagorny Karabagh province of the SSR of Azerbaijan so keen on secession, while their counterparts in Georgia weren't ?

by ManeSa

At the time, the collapse of the USSR wasn't really on anyone's radar, so there was no particular reason to expect a major change in the relationship between the province and the Baku leadership, which could have justified reluctance in remaining a part of the SSR of Azerbaijan.

So, why did it become such a popular cause within the province and within Armenia proper, while Armenian-majority regions in Georgia, which have no lesser Armenian heritage, stayed quiet ?

Robustosaurus

When the First Republic of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia were formed, their borders were completely chaotic, the worst affected borders were Armenia out of the three.

Many states that gained independence and their territories drawn up by essentially Russian provinces and oblasts. Many people were often majority in some areas and completely barren in other. Worse yet, border conflicts immediately began to emerge early in their short existence, particularly in their respective capitals (for instance, Yerevan was half Muslim majority Azerbaijani).

The largest level of ethnic conflicts were in Armenian majority areas. Many territories in Georgia and Azerbaijan were "administered" (note that people were actively revolting against their respective republics due to the ethnic and cultural lines) in their recognized Armenian majority or disputed territories. The places of large violence happened in Nakhijevan, Syunik or Zangezur (note that as a result of nationalism, both sides refer their own territorial names to further their claims on them), Nagorno-Karabakh or Artsakh and other minor if large areas near Kars and modern day Vanadzor.

As one can see, the provinces had made little sense in ethnic boundaries, which led to war in the end.

The first war began between the Armenians and Georgians, known as the Armenian-Georgian war. The war was started by Armenia, seeking to regain territories of Armenian majority populations of Lori and nearby Javakh potentially. The war ended in a treaty brokered by Britain and France, which established the modern day Lori province of Armenia as a neutral. Scholars and people claim that Georgia won the as they had pushed the Armenians back, however, the Armenians had effectively controlled Lori by the end of the war (and the establishment of the future Armenia SSR). Javakh would later be controlled by Georgia without Armenian dispute.

The short reason why Armenians were not in dispute as much with Georgia was due to Georgia's very tolerant and much friendlier relations with Armenia. Georgia did not discriminate the Armenians. At the same time, Georgia was also very lenient on Javakh during the Soviet period which made Armenia much less aggressive or violent.

At the same time, one must understand the conditions Armenians were living in Azerbaijan compared to Georgia. Azerbaijan was in many ways, actively trying to ethnically cleanse or commit similar conditions as Israel is doing to Palestine right now. This is in stark contrast to how Georgia treats modern-day Adjara and Javakh today, it is much friendlier and much more open. The Armenians were never found in a situation of irrelevance or heavy discrimination, therefore, no actual fighting occurred.

Because of this lenient policy, Armenia feels no reason to protect Javakh or fight with Georgia today. Armenia also values Georgia as a modern-day trading partner (and a valued one as well). Today, Javakh is seen fondly in Armenian society as a part of the Armenian nation, yet, due to a lack of discrimination, see no reason to fight for it or take over.

Both Armenia and Georgia are occupied with Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, these are top priority for these states. Javakh is not important to either nation and both are fully satisfied with the current conditions.

Realistically, if Azerbaijan was more lenient towards the Nagorno-Karabakh oblast, a war would have never likely occurred, however, due to years of heavy discrimination and complete Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan (I tried writing about it, but it doubled this text), with Armenia seeing Azerbaijan as just Turkey that speaks Persian, this led us to the current contemporary conditions today.

Although the current democratic regime in Armenia has potential for peace, Ilham Aliyev's government shows not even an idea of peace with Armenia. Perhaps if Azerbaijan democratizes, a much more peaceful atmosphere can form similar to Javakh today.