Khazars and Judaism

by reddituse45

Khazars and Judaism seems like a complicated, or at least superficially, topic. Googling leads me into some sources but it doesn't really explain much, so I have a few questions regarding the topic at hand.

How did the theory that Khazar elites converted to Judaism come about? What is the current consesus regarding this theory? Was it ever at any point a very prominent theory?

EmperorofPrussia

(Tbis post may be riddled with typos because I broke my glasses abiut 45 minutes ago, so bear with me)

I asked a similar question here months ago and got no response, so I did a bit of my own research.

First, you have to be very careful researching this topic on the internent, due to Arthur Koedtler's book The 13th Tribe" positing that Khazars were the ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews in Europe.

Though Koeslter's Darkness at Noon is one of the most important novels of the 20th century (and I will never forget the phrase "shrugged off into eternity"), this particulat book is pseudoscientific nonsense rooted in anti-Semitism, and it has absolutely no relationship with reality.

To be clear: Khazars have no genetic or linguistic links to extant Jewish populations.

Now, the idea that the Khazars - or Khazar elite - converted to Judaism comes from coins minted in rhe 830s and a handful of ontemporaneous accounts that state the conversion happened aroun the 860s. And...that's pretty much it. it. There is no other compelling archeological evidence of which I am aware, and as previously stated, there is no genetic or linguistic evidence to support the idea. But lets look at what we do have.

In 837, the khagan of the Khazars issued coins with Arabic inscriptions, but Jewish messages. A mint which produced these coins - known as "Moses dirhems" -was thuse located somewhere in thr Khazarian capital.

These coins were produced for a single year, and rhen they disappear from the acheological record

In 861, Christian of Stavelotwrote that the Khazars underwent total conversion to Judaism.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadani wrote in 902, around 40 years after the supposed conversion , that Khazaria was s lsnd of Jews.

And, as far as I am aware, that is the extent of our evidence from the actual time period.

As you can see, rhat is a paucity of evidence. The idea that only the leadership converted is an attempt to explain the lack of Judaic symbolism in thr archeological record. Beyond that, theree at leasr five theories with some support.

  1. There was a short perioe ca. 860 during which the khaganate nominally converted en masse.

  2. There was a brief conversion of the leadership in 837 and a more general one in the 860s

  3. There was a brief conversion in 837 that did not last, and the truth became diatorted

  4. There never was a conversion, and the coins were issued because of th2r importance of Jews in the northern trade routes with the Rus.

  5. It's all just a myth, and thr coins should be disregarded.

So, that's where we are. And thats why tou can't find what your looking for. The evidence does not exist, and speculation rules. There is no way, as of yet, to reach any conclusions.