I've sometimes read that vampire legends are inextricably linked to Europe and are associated with Christianity, hence the fear of the cross.

At the same time, it is also claimed that vampiric tales have existed for thousands of years, even outside of Europe.

But first of all, what is a vampire? The word "vampire" probably comes from "oupire" in Serbia. I think the two most common characteristics of the vampire are undeath, and the consumption of blood.

Were there any pre-Christian (or non-Christian) accounts of such creatures?

I've read of lamiae, vrykolakas, vetalas, jiangshi, obayifo, etc. but can they be described as vampires?