Do you think you could be a bit more specific? Do you mean the pre-Mongol or post-Mongol era? If pre-Mongol, do you mean the era before the Anarchy of Samarra and the like when the Caliphate was a big imperial power, or after its influence was hugely reduced?

Regional specifics would help too - the Persianate world east of ~Iraq is quite different from e.g. Egypt, Syria or Andalusia. It's actually a really complex question.