This is a little bit outside of your timeframe, but a good reference is The Prairie Traveler by Randolph Marcy, published in 1859 as a reference for settler families traveling to the West Coast.

In Chapter 1, among discussion of other provisions, he lists the following clothing “deemed a sufficient outfit for one man upon a three months’ expedition”:

• 2 flannel overshirts
• 2 woolen undershirts
• 2 pairs “thick cotton drawers”
• 4 pairs wool and 2 pairs cotton socks
• 2 pairs of “stout” shoes for footmen
• 1 pair boots and 1 pair shoes for horsemen
• 3 towels
• 1 “gutta percha” poncho
• 1 broad-brimmed felt hat
• 1 coat or overcoat
• various personal items for hygiene and clothing maintenance, including sewing supplies, spare buttons, soap, 2 toothbrushes, etc

This doesn’t directly answer your question, but at least for a man traveling, two sets of clothing was considered sufficient provided that you also carried a small kit for repairing any clothing.

Reference: The Prairie Traveler, Capt. RB Marcy, 1859