I'm not good at English but I'll try to explain

During the War of Independence, Mustafa Kemal promised the Kurds an autonomous Kurdistan and 1921 Constitution is a clear indicator that the Kurdish autonomy was accepted by the parliament. However, there were some anti-Ankara Kurds rebelled in regions such as Sivas (Koçgiri Rebellion is the most known one). Things got changed after the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923. The 1924 Constitution was a U-turn in the Turkish discourse and amendments related to autonomy was ommitted. The Kurds were in fear of facing the same fate of Armenians and rebelled against the Ankara goverment. There were already small rebellions in some Kurdish cities yet in 1925 the biggest one - Sheikh Said Rebellion - erupted mainly in surroundings of Diyarbakır.

The suppressing of the rebellion was huge problem since 1/3 of the 1925 budget was spent on the military expenses. Yet, the terrorization of the civilians was considered as the best option for fighting against the rebellion. "The Maintenance of Order Law" was promulgated and countless people were excetuted. Even the prime ministed Fethi Okyar found such a measure extreme and resigned. Mustafa Kemal appointed İsmet İnönü to take such harsh measures.

Yet, the series of Kurdish rebellions continued and the second one erupted in 1927 - as it is known Ararat Rebellion. I'm not gonna make detailed explanations but Zilan Massacre in 1930 is the most notorious one during those days. The estimated number according to a German newspaper was 4.500 civilians.

The last one was Dersim Massacre - which could be considered as a genocide since it fits Lemkin's five points for genocide. In fact, Dersim was not a rebellion but a self-defense. Approximately 25.000 civilians were murdered and tens of thousands of people were forced to migrate.

For further readings:

David McDowall - A Modern History of the Kurds

Martin van Bruinessen - Genocide of Kurds

Robert W Olson - The emergence of Kurdish nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880-1925

Wadie Jwaide - The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development

I think there is too much that i need to clarify. After the defeat and disintegration of the Ottoman state in the First World War, the Kurds and Turks fought together against the threat of invasion of Anatolia. Mustafa Kemal Pasha, in the telegram he sent to Kazım Karabekir Pasha, he says "To unite the Kurds and even the whole nation as brothers and show this to the world i am determined about." With this decision, the national struggle for the homeland, which was called "the places where Turks and Kurds lived together" in the Amasya Protocol signed on 20-22 October 1919, began. A unifying understanding of patriotism dominated the National Struggle period. For this reason, the cadre carrying out the struggle respected the sensitivities of ethnic groups in preserving their identities.

E.g. Kastamonu Deputy Yusuf Kemal said in the Turkish Grand National Assembly, "The health of the Turks must be protected". Upon this statement, Sivas Deputy Emir Pasha took the podium and reminded that "not only Turks live in this homeland". At this stage, Mustafa Kemal stepped in and emphasized that "The Assembly is not only made up of Turks, but also Circassians, Kurds, Laz, and their interests are common".

At a time when the national struggle was actually successful, it was discussed how to shape the new state to be established. In January 1924, Mustafa Kemal summarized his thoughts at a press conference as follows. “If we want to draw borders in the name of Kurdishness, we have to harm Turkishness and Kurdishness. (talking about Turkish-Kurdish unity) Rather than thinking of a Kurdishness alone, a kind of local autonomy will already be established in accordance with our Teşkilat-ı Esasiye (1921 constitution) act. Now the Turkish Grand National Assembly is composed of deputies of both Kurds and Turks, and these two elements united all interests and destinies. So they know it's a common thing. It would not be right to try to draw a separate line." Mustafa Kemal, Eskişehir-İzmit Speeches, 1923

I want to open a parenthesis here.

"Turkey is divided into provinces, provinces into districts, and districts into towns (i couldn't find the English translation of the word. The place is bigger than the village, smaller than the county.) in terms of geographical location and economic relationship." Teşkilat-ı Esasiye law, article 10

"Provinces have legal personality and autonomy in regional affairs. With the exception of domestic and foreign policy, sharia, justice, military affairs, international economic relations and general taxes of the government and issues covering more than one province. Provincial assemblies are authorized to regulate and manage the foundation, school, education, health, agriculture, public works and social welfare works within the framework of the laws to be enacted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly." Teşkilat-ı Esasiye law, article 11

The meaning of these two laws is not to promise Kurdish autonomy. In a province where the majority of citizens of Kurdish origin live, the members to be elected to the provincial councils will mostly be of Kurdish origin. Therefore, the people of the region could take their own decisions on the above-mentioned issues, but they would still be connected to the TGNA. I mean the Kurds were never promised autonomy, this is an erroneous answer. u/aramthesun misinterprets events.

Now i can talk about the 'Kurdish' revolts.

I will start with the Şeyh (Sheikh) Said rebellion. Sheikh Said is a Kurd of Zaza descent and belongs to a religious sect. He raided Darahini and took the governor and other officials captive. He issued a statement calling for an uprising in the name of the religion of Islam and tried to gather the movement under a single center. (At that time there was a lot of rebellion against the abolition of secularism and the caliphate.) Sheikh Said was addressing the people in his sermon at the Piran mosque on Friday, February 13, 1925:

"Madrasahs were closed, the Ministry of Religious and Foundations was abolished, and religious schools were connected to the National Education. Some irreligious writers in the newspapers dare to insult religion and insult our Prophet. If I could today, i would personally start fighting and strive for the promotion of religion."

He sent letters to the Alevi Zaza tribal chiefs, Kurdish tribal chiefs, agha and tribal chiefs, Turkish beys and aghas in Ergani to support the resistance, and asked for help by inviting them to a common struggle against the Mustafa Kemal government.

Sheikh Said didn't revolt for Kurdish independence, but he got the support of the Kurds because he was Kurdish. I am generalizing of course e.g the Kurdish Cimo tribe settled in Mardin Midyat sent its forces to Diyarbakır to fight on the side of the state against the Sheikh Said rebellion. Sheikh Said, in his first statement to the authorities after his capture, said, "After we took Diyarbakir, we would negotiate with the government to demand the Sharia, if they accepted it, we would agree. My aim was to serve this religion."

Dersim events

Tribes are communities of families with rulers. From the second half of the 19th century, the central authority and feudal forces came face to face in Dersim. The reason for this "disobedience", which also existed in the Ottoman period, is basically the concept of tribe. Tribes have established a balance of power within themselves and between each other. It was against their interests for the 'state', an authority superior to them, to impose obligations on them. This is why they acted against the state between 1877-78 and during the Russian War, the feudal forces informed the Russian representatives in Erzurum that the Dersim tribes would sided with Russia in case of a possible war. The reason why i am talking about the problems in the Ottoman period is that i want you to evaluate the event from a wider perspective.

In the first years of the Republic the tribes of Dersim did not cause any problems and even opposed the Sheikh Said rebellion. Over time some tribes began not to pay their taxes and did not accept compulsory military service. They threatened people and didn't hand over the criminals who took refuge in them to the authorities because they considered it dishonorable to hand over the people who took refuge in them. When the state didn't establish authority in Dersim, it decided to remove the ağa (tribal officials) from the city. In 1928, 256 households (1,211 people) from the tribes of Hozat, Mazgirt and Pertek counties were settled in the lowland villages of Elaziz. (Presidency of State Archives, Republic Archive) Various tasks were given to try to disconnect from Dersim, but failed. Many people who were looted and extorted by the Dersim tribes around Erzincan had to leave their village. The vacant villages were filled by the Dersim tribes.

By 1935, tribes in Dersim were still armed, which threatened the state. A 3 year plan was made under the leadership of Atatürk. Within 3 years, the people would be disarmed and the governor, district governor and active commander would be appointed to Dersim. Security posts would be set up and the criminals would have to surrender. Penalties of those who were not registered in the population were forgiven. In the same law, the penalties for military service of those who registered in the civil registry and applied to the military service branch were forgiven.

Dersim aghas gathered under the chairmanship of Seyit Rıza in 1936 and decided to resist the government. Agha and Sayyids, tried to provoke the public by giving false information about the government's policy. On the night of March 21, 1937, the wooden bridge over the Harçik (Darboğaz) creek connecting the Pah and Kahmut subdistricts was demolished by the Demenan and Haydaran residents, and the rebellion began. There are people who argue that a soldier who came to collect weapons raped a woman from the tribe and that's why a rebellion started. Accuracy is a controversial issue. Military action began in May. In August, the rebellion lost its effect. Seyit Rıza surrendered to the gendarmerie in Erzincan on September 10, 1937.

"The mass banditry incidents in Tunceli, which had been going on for a long time and became tense from time to time, were eliminated in a short time as a result of the studies carried out within a certain program. Such events in the region are written in history, never to be repeated." Atatürk's opening speech of the 5th term 4th legislative year of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. This speech was read by Prime Minister Celal Bayar because of Atatürk's illness.

Summary

In the first years of the republic, rebellions of feudal formations are very common. There are other examples like this that i can give you as an example. Serious policies were followed in order to suppress these rebellions and the result was bloody. As a result of the rebellion, controversial interventions were made in the region, there are soldiers who claim that innocent women and children were killed. As seen in his speech above, Atatürk was aware of them. I just want to make this point. In both cases i mentioned, the attitude of the state towards the rebels is unrelated to their being Kurds. Mustafa Kemal did not harbor any animosity towards any race.

In the first years of the republic, the state followed very strict policies on many issues. Independence courts were established and many people were hanged on various charges. The attempt of a newly established state to establish authority over the people brought along sharp state policies. There were revolts for Islam, feudal revolts, riots against the dress code and independent Kurdish union revolts the same policies were followed in all revolts. Some historians is claimed that some cities were blacklisted due to the riots and that no investments were made in those cities.