Copernican heliocentrism did not last very long. Copernicus published in 1543, and it was overthrown by Newton's law of universal gravitation, announced in 1686 (and published in 1687). In particular, Newtonian gravitation replaces the sun as the centre of the solar system with the centre of mass (barycentre) of the solar system as the centre of the solar system (Jupiter is such a big boy of a planet that the solar system's barycentre is outside the sun). While strictly speaking this Newtonian "neo-Copernican heliocentrism" is not heliocentric, it is also not geocentric, and would replace geocentrism in some parts of the world.

Chinese astronomy suffered somewhat from European science being primarily transmitted through the Jesuits. There was publication and discussion of heliocentric ideas after Copernicus published, and what appears to be a native Chinese invention of the Tychonic system (planets orbit the sun, and the sun orbits a stationary earth). Jesuit support for heliocentrism disappeared rapidly with the Church's condemnation of Copernican heliocentrism in Europe, and the Jesuits pushed the Ptolemaic system in China. Chinese astronomy doesn't appear to have paid much attention to cosmology, or at least not committed to interpreting mathematical models of planetary motion as "real", In the end, it was the acceptance of modern (Western) science in the 19th century, including Newtonian gravitation, that decisively pushed geocentrism aside in China.

Japan was initially similar, but the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1616 took away the major supporters of the Ptolemaic model. In cooperation with the Dutch, a "modern" astronomical observatory was built in Japan in 1725, and worked from a heliocentric perspective. However, the general spread of heliocentrism (in this case, Newtonian neo-Copernican "heliocentrism") only came with the general acceptance of modern Western science in the 19th century.

Indian astronomy had been predominantly geocentric, although heliocentric models had been suggested. Indian geocentric models did not necessarily use an immobile earth - a spinning earth was often used to model the diurnal movement of the skies. However, neither Copernicanism nor Newtonianism appear to have made much impact, or Western science in general, until the late 19th century, when Indian science rapidly grew with the absorption of modern theory, and Indian scientists making Nobel prize winning contributions and other key contributions in the early 20th century.