Battle of Thermopylae, Phocian Wall, Sediment Question

by alienranch

Done tons of research but can't square some conflicting evidence on the past (480 bc) vs current area of Thermopylae. I believe it's common knowledge that alluvial fans/deposition has resulted approximately 20 meters of sediment deposited over the battlefield (specific to 480 bc). I also believe it's commonly accepted that the pass was roughly 15-30 meters wide with shear cliffs on the southern side and a drop (height unknown, but not substantial) to the sea below on the north side. Additionally, the Phocian Wall, of which the remains are still visible, was thought to be approximately 3-4 meters tall.

My questions are:

  1. If there is anywhere near 20 meters (~66 feet) of deposition covering the battlefield, how can a 4 meter (12 foot) wall still be visible? Even with a margin of error on both sides, these two statements can't both be true at the same location. Additionally, archeologist state only the base of the Phocian wall remains, which means it certainly can't be buried under 60 feet of sediment and at the same level it was when built pre-480 bc.
  2. Along these same lines, the wall is roughly 150 meters (500 feet) long. According to most geologist (plenty of solid university data on the web), although the sediment deposited has resulted in a large plain now, 2,500 years ago the pass was likely no more than 100 feet wide (that's the upper limit) - most think less than 40 feet). If what is believed to be the Phocian wall is in fact that wall, it wouldn't extend roughly 500 feet (even diagonally) at the same elevation, which it does. Again, even with some significant margins on both sides here, there isn't room for a 500 foot wall on a 50+ foot width.

Between the length of the accepted wall vs the width of the pass at the time, and the known deposition of 60+ feet of sediment vs a visible wall at the surface, I don't see how this can be the actual wall spoken of during the battle. Can't seem to find anyone else asking these questions, so posting here. Thanks all.

KiwiHellenist

Alluvial fans and mineral springs don't deposit sediment in an even layer: they follow the existing terrain. Different spots have different amounts of sediment. The Phocaian wall and the battlefield are along a slope on a hillside, in between a river and the thermal springs on one side, and another stream on the other side, so the deposits there are relatively limited. The bits that have been filled in are the basins where sea and marshes used to be.

Take a look at these illustrations from a 2010 geomorphological study of the area.

  • This one illustrates the location of the alluvial fans and travertine from the thermal springs on either side of the battlefield; I've marked in the location of the remains of the Phocaian wall as well. (The village marked is the modern settlement.)

  • This one illustrates the unevenness of the deposits: it shows the results of an ERT section running along a 235 m line on the north side of the battlefield, and below, a lithological interpretation by the authors of the study. The west side of the section is filled in with travertine from the springs, while the eastern part is mostly silt.

  • And this one shows the authors' reconstruction of the ancient shoreline ca. 480 BCE. The line of the ERT section in my previous bullet point is marked as 'ERT4', running east to west into the area marked as 'Marsh'.

The 2010 study is available online here for free.