Was deforestation a concern when mast and sail ships were being produced for the French/English "sea scuffles" before and during the napoleonic era?

^This ^is ^probably ^not ^actually ^a ^simple ^question ^and ^may ^not ^be ^a ^short ^answer ^either, ^but ^it ^was ^deleted ^as ^a ^normal ^post ^so ^whatever:

The town of Tisbury, Massachusetts cites, in explaining its town seal, a charter for Martha's Vineyard and other islands, which had the price of "Six barrels of marketable codfish, viz, two barrels each Patent, measuring two each for Edgartown, Tisbury, And the Manor of Tisbury, to be paid at the bridge in New York, annually.", and cites a date of July 8, 1671 for this charter.

However, the list of bridges and tunnels in New York City says:

New York City's crossings date back to 1693, when its first bridge, known as the King's Bridge, was constructed over Spuyten Duyvil Creek between Manhattan and the Bronx, located in the present-day Kingsbridge neighborhood.

So, it was "to be paid at the bridge in New York, annually", but going by the current bounds of New York, there was no bridge to pay at. I assume there was more than one bridge in the colony of New York, so it must mean the city. But the obvious sources don't track it. What bridge existed in the area, not currently considered within the bounds of NYC, for the charter to refer to?

When people drank milk (or made yoghourt and other dairy products) prior to modern processing, would it have more likely been whole (how it comes out of the cow) or skim (what it naturally turns into without homogenization, and what's left after taking the cream for butter production)? Would the answer vary by the subject's proximity to dairy production? Can the answer be seen as obvious from references to shaking containers (like we do with orange juice and other things that settle), or is there more complex analysis at work? Did low fat milk exist (to a level worth considering) before homogenization?

Does anyone know details on ice skating in 18the century America? Was it super common? Only for recreation? Did adults and children do it? TIA

What’s the story behind the NAACP being called the N Double-A CP?

When did the superstition that women are bad luck on boats start? I've tried looking it up but every site seems to just say "ancient times" or something similar. Is there a known culture that first seemed to believe this?

Where there any towns or "suburbs" around the city of Ancient Rome?

Are there any mentions of pre-modern athletes experiencing the "yips" phenomenon?

I've only ever heard people talk about modern athletes, but if modern archers suffer from it it seems that medieval archers might have too.

This one is rather farfetched but what are the chances (if any) that a civilization existed before us with technology that rivals or surpasses what we currently have? If we assume this theoretical civilization was completely destroyed in the past

Can you recommend any good super beginner's history resource aimed towards middle school children?

Could anyone tell me more about what Empress Liu is wearing in this image? I'm mainly curious about two things:

1. What is the red veil over her face? Or is it paint? Or a skin feature?
2. Empress Liu is said to have been the second empress to wear the imperial robes after Wu Zetian during her regencies for her husband Emperor Zhenzong and her adopted son Emperor Renzong. Is that what she is wearing in this image? Or is she wearing something more typical of non-regnant imperial consorts?

All throughout the Internet, one can find the following letter from Josip Broz Tito to Stalin:

Stop sending people to kill me. We've already captured five of them, one of them with a bomb and another with a rifle [...] If you don't stop sending killers, I'll send one to Moscow, and I won't have to send a second.

I cannot figure out what was in those three little dots. Every source I can find has the same quote with the same section removed. What did it say?

How long after 9/11 was debris being discovered, particularly in the blocks further away from ground zero? It's my understanding that on rooftops and in alleyways, there have been discoveries even in the last 5-10 years.

Who were the earliest immigrants to colonial America? Puritans and Brownists? Convicts? Poor people trying to start a new life? Were there any people from continental Europe?

What’s the earliest time period we can definitively date the use of arrows from drawings, arrowheads, or other sources?

And what kind of range/accuracy do we estimate for arrows over 10k years ago? What would have made them worth developing initially as opposed to just hunting with a spear or sling?

In 909 AD, a combined forces of West Saxon and Mercian raided the Danelaw in order to retrieve St. Oswald's relics.

Did they view Danelaw as another kingdom or just Anglo-Saxon territory occupied by the enemies?

Do we know what Augustus was like personally?

I am sort of fascinated by him as a historical character and I can't quite place him. Even discounting the Big Men theory, these grand historical figures usually have some strong traits that defined their success.

Yet as far as I know, Augustus was not a good military leader (Agrippa fought all his battles for him), before Ceasar named him his successor he was relatively unimportant figure in Rome.

Was it all just his political skills? Was he charismatic? What allowed Augustus to become the first Emperor and change the course of history for Rome?

Looking for a book or monograph discussing how the experience of residents of American territories changed when the territories were admitted as states.

I am interested in the political dimensions (how were territorial legislatures organized? were they dissolved at statehood? did states take over administration of any services that the feds administered during territory status? was taxation brought in with statehood or did territories have effective revenue generation?); the demographic dimensions (did admitted states get boosts in terms of migration? were the types of incentives offered for people to migrate different under territory status versus statehood); how statehood was reflected in creative outputs, writing, art, and music; whether development indicators seemed to abruptly improve after statehood. I am also interested in the personal, everyday stories: did the average resident understand what statehood meant, were they aware of the transition from territory to state, were they engaged in the process?

I am more interested in the 1850-1920 period than earlier periods, and I generally have more of an interest in the southwest than the plains states, so California, Nevada, Colorado, Arizona, Oklahoma, New Mexico would be of special interest. I would be specifically uninterested in the Hawai'i and Alaska cases, and also not interested in southern re-admission after the civil war. I am also not interested in the strategic dynamics of statehood admission in terms of the national congressional balance of power.

I am mostly interested in whether or not it makes sense to think of statehood as a discontinuity or path-breaking moment in the trajectory of the development of a people or area, or if it was just an administrative change of little importance at that time and place.

I’ve slowly been collecting Winston Churchill’s writings. I really want to buy his book “The River War. An historical account of the reconquest of the Sudan.” But I can only find the abridged version (or it’s like $5,000 usd). His first edition is in two volumes and 462 pages for the first, and 499 pages in the second. All further editions are like 300 some odd pages. How is this not absolutely ruining Churchill’s voice in the abridged version? Is an abridged version worth buying? Most likely the wrong sub but I don’t think I’d hit the right crowd in /r/books

Did the assassins that killed Pompey throw his body in the ocean or place it on a beach? I was reading "The Death of Jesus" earlier today and it stated that the assassins beheaded him (Pompey) and left his corpse on a beach to be eaten by birds. Yet, I was reading the Wikipedia article on Pompey, and it stated that the body was wrapped in a cloak and thrown into the ocean. Which is correct? I have skimmed through the numerous paintings depicting the death of Pompey, and many show the body being thrown in the ocean.

I’m reading Tolkien’s translation of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. He seems to use the word “middle-Earth” to mean “the world”. Did medievals use this word in a fantastical sense, or did it actually refer to some continent?

Hi everybody. I am looking for historical events involving doors or gates or walls left open. Do you know any?

Thanks

Has there ever been a communist-democracy? Like a full blown communist society where the leader was elected by the people?

What was the punishment for duelling within city limits in Elizabethan England?

Are there any known near contemporary depictions of Mansa Musa of Mali beyond the famous image in the Catalan Atlas?

For reference, this is the Catalan Atlas image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Catalan_Atlas_BNF_Sheet_6_Mansa_Musa.jpg/800px-Catalan_Atlas_BNF_Sheet_6_Mansa_Musa.jpg

Nowadays we refer to others as Mr. or Ms. last name. How did Medieval English commoners address each other or to their social superiors?

Which is the country with the highest number of "The Great" Rulers in it's
history, and does every country have at least 1 Great ruler?

What is the name of a raised platform/pedestal/mat upon which medieval Japanese Shōgun, Daimyō, nobility, and other high-ranking officials usually seen seated upon? Is that structure/feature even have a name?

Example - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_%28Kodaiji%29.jpg

What language did the Crusaders use to talk to each other?

I remember vaguely from the "Deadwood" TV show that in the territories before they got their statehood there were some exceptions regarding the law enforcement the settlements could have. I don't remember exactly if the settlements (towns) could not appoint sheriffs and US marshalls had all the power or it was the other way around?

In the French tale, 20,000 leagues under the Sea, a US Naval Expedition sets out in 1866 to hunt the monster destroying ships.

Why US? Why wasn't it a french ship or even British or some other Great Power ship? The novel is anti-colonial so I imagine that the US fits as it was pretty anti-colonialism at the time.

Stumbled upon the following pictures a while back and it would be nice if someone with more knowledge than me could confirm that those pictures are indeed from the Tiananmen square protests (which is my current assumption and also claimed by the sites that I found them on) Keep in mind that they are disturbing:

Squashed bodies

Close up of crushed bikes and dead people

Person missing its legs and crushed people

What is the earliest known metal armour? Was it scale armour, lamellar or some other form I'm not familiar with? I'm specifically looking for examples of ancient armour used in battle not ceremonial.

I'm working on a project about "mini-mega-cities."

Can anyone point me toward examples of the self-contained single-building "cities" built as work camps to support America's timber industry?

I know there was at least one famous example, but I can't seem to find it again. If I remember correctly the population was under 100, but it had many of the features of a city: post office, general store, probably a theater and town hall.

Why don't gunpowder infantry wear armor? And why do helmets seem to disappear until WW1 (none in the american civil war, for example)?

I read the book American Slavery, American Freedom by Edmund Morgan, which is on this sub's recommended reading list. Since then I had someone on another sub say that the ideas of the book are out of date. Are there more recent works that expand on or even counter what is said in American Slavery, American Freedom?

What would be the titles for professors in medieval Italian Universities?

Currently writing a short story taking place in high medieval times in Bologna, not sure how would people address the professor of anatomical studies.

Also, if someone has any good source on student's lives at the time, would be greatly appreciated.

where was Evelyn McHale buried? can she be visited?

How did meth go from "medicine" to "illegal drug"? I saw a lot of threads about its use in WW2 but not much about what happened after that.

What percentage of the roughly 450,000 battle casualties in the Thirty Years War were inflicted by firearms (calivers, muskets, pistols), as opposed to melee weapons (swords, pikes, halberds)? I've seen various statistics (e.g. in Trevor Dupuy's "Understanding War") saying that 15 to 20 percent of casualties in the smoothbore line infantry era (c. 1700 to 1850) were inflicted by swords and bayonets, with most of the remainder being inflicted by muskets. In the rifled musket era, e.g. the American Civil War, this decreased to under 1 percent. How did these compare to the late pike and shot era, most notably embodied by the Thirty Years War, British Civil Wars, and Franco-Spanish War?

What are some good resources to learn about Francis Bacon?

How well-accepted is Timothy Bolton's identification of Gorm the Old with Harthacnut I? (in "Cnut the Great", pp. 40-44). Bolton seems (to my layman's eyes) to provide fairly conclusive evidence, but wikipedia seems to clearly distinguish the two.

Are there any photos of Soviet atrocities in Afghanistan?

Post WW2, who has killed more civilians in war, the USSR/Russian Federation or the United States? (Seems like something you should be able to figure out quickly with a few Google searches, but no)

During the Irish Famine was there a British ship captain who threw grain meant for Irish aid overboard?

I swear I remember reading about a British captain who was meant to transport grain meant for Irish aid during their great famine, but held such strong anti Irish sentiment that he threw it overboard at harbor. I can’t for the love of me find any articles or the name of this person however. Did this really happen or did I just create a false memory of reading about this?

I'm looking for historical data on the membership and observer roster of the Non Aligned Movement prior to 1997. Could anyone recommend a source? It's easy to find years of accession for members, but I'm unable to find any data on observers.

Who was the first ever recorded kleptocrat in history?

Given this order: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/911-attack-biden-declassification-order-b1914047.html

would it be reasonable to expect the writing of in-depth histories of the 9/11 attacks?

Good book on the history of Melanesia and Melanesians.

Or a timeline archeology/anthropology on them.

How did Shakespeare pull off any French speaking scenes in his play?

In certain scenes of Shakespeare such as Henry V, the character Catherine of Valois is speaking French with her servant. How would his actors know that language? Did his company hire French actors or did his Englishman learn the language? What would he do to make his audience know what they’re saying?

Did the muslims on the Iberian Peninsula ever used elephants during war?

Suppose a hypothetical European soldier some time in the late medieval period received his wages and then died the very next day. What would happen to the money he had been given? Would the commander of the army take it back or was it typically looted/stolen by other soldiers?

What is the history of liturgical or sacred languages? Were they more common in state religions or small cults?

Latin is the classic example of a liturgical language for the Medieval West but there's also Hebrew that was liturgical until revived.

I'm trying to think of three WW2 events/supposed events that you didn't know for a project.
I know one already which would be the Operations Cherry Blossoms at night.

"The only rule being relaxed here is with regard to depth, insofar as the anticipated questions are ones which do not require it. All other rules of the subreddit are in force." no. cuz from rumors ive heard, all posts comment sections thar arent novellia or higher in length get instantly deleted. " They delete answers that are not novel length and up to their Ivy-league masters degree level." quote from another subreddit with all the "insults" removed in case this sub finds that disagreeable.
Tldr:You are gatekeeping non-historians and not allowing them to participate if they don't post walls of text for every single answer with 5 or more sources. which is also posting/commenting in bad faith too, as you are discouraging normal everyday reddit users from wanting to go to this sub and comment, as every single time they do, its deleted immediatly.