From what I know, Islam imposes no specific architectural requirements for mosques. Also, the earliest mosques seem to have been simple mudbrick constructions. How did the elaborately decorated design with domes, arches and minarets appear?
TIL about the Great Mosque of Xian that looks more like a Chinese temple than a mosque. Why does it seem only in China that mosques adopted native architecture rather than following the usual design? with answers by u/Guckfuchs and u/yodatsracist talk about some of the history of mosque architecture.