I just want to clarify a few things. I am specifically asking about the structure where they had a roof, some feed and water. I know they were tied to hitching posts but I was wondering about the buildings they were kept in. Doesn't make much sense to leave a horse out in front of a shop when it will just create a mess that will detract customers. I'm currently writing a western myself so any help about the names or history of these horse "parking" solutions would be super helpful.
You might find my answer on a related question of use.
The following is the initial response, but there is more in the thread:
The horse is a key aspect of the popularized image of the Wild West, but ownership was far from universal. One of the things one realizes after reading a lot of primary sources about the West was how few people ever owned a horse. Horses were tools, and most people didn't need one even if they enjoyed the benefits of horses throughout their lives.
After participating in nearly three decades of archaeology in the Virginia City National Historic Landmark District, I was struck by how few horse-related items our teams found. (See my book on the Virginia City's material culture, published in 2012.)
The one site that did, in fact, have a lot of horse-related artifacts was a stable, and here is the answer to your question, but first, some context.
The horse is ubiquitous in Westerns because it captures the image of the freedom and open spaces of the West. To get from here to there, one certainly was in need of a horse, and like your analogy of a sportscar, what better way is there than to capture the essence of being young and in the West than riding fast across the open countryside.
It is true enough that to get "from here to there" the horse was often essential, but it is not true that everyone owned a horse. People relied on mass transit - stagecoaches, omnibuses, and when available, trains - to travel. It was rare to find anyone riding their own horse - or to use their own horse with a carriage/wagon to travel long distances. People on the outskirts of towns - ranchers, etc. might ride their own horse into town, but these people were rare: the West has always been one of the most urban regions of North American.
For very small towns, one might ride into town and "park" a horse or wagon wherever one might. This is the equivalent of the definition of a small town someone once told me that you knew you were a local when you stopped you car and left it running to run into the post office. In a small town, the threat of theft is less because everyone recognizes your horse and everyone knows everyone.
In a town of any size, one would take a horse to a "parking garage" - a stable, where the horse would be properly watered, fed and perhaps groomed and relieved of its saddle. It would have been madness to leave a horse on the side of a thoroughfare: the streets were often congested with transports, teamsters, and others passing. It simply would not have been a good idea.
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