Actually, there was at least one...though, since he pre-dated the Federal Income tax ( that came with Woodrow Wilson's presidency) you might not notice him. In the 19th c. the biggest federal tax was the tariff on imported goods. It was very divisive issue. Before the Civil War, the South had a cotton-export economy, so their foreign earnings, used to buy foreign imported goods, were taxed. However, the tariff was popular in the North where it tended to shield northern industries from foreign competition. The South would even list the tariff as one of the grievances that made it secede. After the War, it would still be an issue- now for the agrarian West and Midwest, who saw the tariff as keeping prices high for manufactured goods but doing nothing to boost the commodities they sold. Republicans favored a high tariff: Democrats favored free trade.

Striding into this came William McKinley, Congressman of Ohio. In 1890 he introduced the McKinley Tariff, that raised the average rate from 38% to 49.5%. Some items ( like sugar) were excluded, but some important imports, like wool and tinplate, were heavily taxed. It had some reciprocal items- rates were to be modified on some goods if those exporting countries compromised on the rates of their own tariffs As before, the concept was protection for US industries. Signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison ( also Republican, and also from Ohio) the tariff became unpopular, and was used by the Democrats to put Grover Cleveland into the White House -for the second time-in the 1892 election.

Part of Mckinley's thinking was that, along with encouraging US industries his increase would solve a problem with the tariff- it had raised enough money to create a surplus in the Federal budget. This was regarded as a bad thing, but the two parties dickered over how to lower it. Democrats argued that the tariff should be lowered, to lower the surplus. Republicans argued that if the tariff was made higher, it would discourage imports and tariff revenue would fall. It now seems that the Democrats were likely correct.

Irwin, Douglas A. (1998). "Higher Tariffs, Lower Revenues? Analyzing the Fiscal Aspects of 'The Great Tariff Debate of 1888'" Journal of Economic History. 58 (1): p 59-72