Just to set things straight - a small timeline:
So why was Galileo Galilei prosecuted if it was already well known by Columus's time over a century earlier.
Galileo's trial had nothing to do with whether or not the earth was round, or whether or not it revolved around the sun. This older thread may be of some interest. In it, /u/dankensington had linked some other threads:
You have a few misconceptions, namely that Galileo was involved with a round earth theory and that that was the cause of his conflict with the Church. A brief overview of this is I recently learned that most people during the middle ages actually believed that the earth was round and not flat, as opposed to the belief that the heliocentric model is relatively new. So why was Galileo put in house arrest written by u/The_Manchurian. For a more in depth look at Galileo, check out Why was the vatican against Galileo's belief that the earth rotates around the sun? written by u/TimONeill and with a list of older answers by u/DanKensington