Yes, education in British colonial Africa was very different from Belgian Congo.

Lovanium university was founded just outside of Leopoldville in 1954, and took students from Belgian Congo, Ruanda and Urundi. As you mentioned, Belgian Congo gained independence on June 30, 1960. So there were only graduating classes of 1958, 1959, and maybe 1960 at independence. According to this US department of Education and Welfare document titled "Educational Developments in the Congo (Leopoldville)" from 1966, there were 27 Congolese students admitted in 1954, 70 in 1955, and 99 in 1960. (see page 127).

In contrast, British colonies had established colleges and universities far far earlier. Fourah Bay college was founded by Anglican missionaries in Sierra Leone in 1827 as a seminary for the training of African missionaries and priests. Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther was actually the first student enrolled at Fourah Bay college.

In South Africa there was a great number of colleges and universities founded before 1940. The University of Cape Town was founded in 1829 as South African College (although Black students were not admitted until 1920). Stellenbosch University was originally founded as a Gymnasium (high school) in 1864, and became a university in 1918, the same year as UCT became a university. University of Witwatersrand(1922) and University of Pretoria(1906) grew out of the South African School of Mines. Those universities originally served the education needs of white settler society, but there was also the South African Native College (now University of Fort Hare), founded by Wesleyan missionaries, and intended from the outset as a college for African students from South Africa and beyond.

Elsewhere, Makerere University was founded in 1922 as the Uganda Technical College. In 1948 University of Ibadan was founded in Nigeria as the University College Ibadan.

Frequently, institutions like Fourah Bay College, Makerere University (as University of East Africa), and UCT or Rhodes College had associations with metropolitan British universities like University of London. That is, these institutions were treated as overseas colleges within the University of London, which facilitated students at these colleges to study in London. There were also instances of college graduates pursuing post-graduate degrees in the UK. As an example, Makerere graduate Julius Nyerere studied at Edinburgh University from 1948-52. (There were some similar education efforts in French colonial empire, with students like Leopold Sedar Senghor attending the Sorbonne and University of Paris)

Furthermore, there was also the opportunity for anglophone African students to pursue education in the United States at Historically Black Colleges and University. Kwame Nkrumah notably studied at Lincoln University in Philadelphia from 1935-39, and then earned a masters degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1942. Nigeria's first president, Nnamdi Azikiwe also attended Lincoln University, earning a masters degree in 1930.

According to Appolos Nwauwa this flow of African subjects to US colleges, combined with a fact-finding mission in 1920s by American missionaries investigating the provision of higher education in British African colonies, was deeply embarrassing to the British colonial office. These trends kicked off plans to identify suitable secondary educational institutions on the continent which could be built up to provide tertiary education for African students. These plans ran into difficulties in the 1930s due to the Great Depression, but did eventually result in institutions like University College Ibadan in 1948.

So, while anglophone missionaries provided primary and secondary education in British colonies, and a mix of religious, government sponsored and American HBCU institutions provided tertiary education; education policy in Belgian Congo was different. Education provision for African subjects was left to the missionary societies of Catholic orders, or else to American baptist missionaries. Belgian policy did not prioritize secondary education, and as I stated at the top of this comment, there was not an institution of university education in Belgian Congo until 6 years before independence. this episode of the AskHistorians podcast touches a little bit on the "school wars" in the 1950s, around the 1h40m mark. here is the discussion thread though it doesn't look like specific books on Belgian Education policy were mentioned.

edit: correcting Appolos Nwauwa's last name