My son just downloaded Assassins Creed Origins, which is set in Rome, and asked me about PTSD in ancient cultures. I assume they did, but either a) not in the sense as we know it now or b) it was not considered that big of a deal/concern.
My answer wasn't good enough lol so I told him I'd ask here.
Thanks
It's a complicated matter, made even more so by the inherent difficulty of psychoanalysing a long-dead person from a wholly different cultural background at a distance of years or centuries. u/Iphikrates examines the matter in this post, while u/hillsonghoods has a Monday Methods post on just why it's so complicated.