Is there any general books focused on this for ancient all the way to early modern economies? Most specific historical academic books assume pre knowledge on these things
How do I learn about the production of coins, clipping, debasement, effects of circulation, how international currencies were converted, how taxation works and effects the economy. How and why new coins were made, what the purpose of coins in different metals was, what the effects of different weights and purities was, what the effects of having no small change or conversely having no big value stores etc.
Are there any books on learning basic eocnomic principles for bullion based medieval to early modern economies
These questions are quite diverse, but I will provide a bibliography of several relevant sources.
Mark Blackburn, 'Money and Coinage', in Rosamond McKitterick (ed.) The New Cambridge Medieval History Volume 2 (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 538-560.
The above article is probably aimed at undergrad level as the Cambridge Mediaeval History is essentially a textbook, albeit an academic one, rather than a scholarship-defining work. This is therefore a very good introduction.
Philip Grierson & Mark Blackburn (eds) Medieval European Coinage (Cambridge, 1986).
The above has an extensive geographic and temporal span so will offer a good insight into diverse regions and periods.
D.M. Metcalf, 'How large was the Anglo-Saxon currency?', The Economic History Review, New Series, 18:3 (1965), pp. 475-482.
Although not directly related to your questions, the abovearticle is a really helpful way of integrating yourself to the types of questions historians consider when thinking about coinage. If I recall correctly, it also writes a fair bit about coin dies and the process of minting, so is a short but useful one if you're not sure where to start, even though it is a bit more specialised than the previously mentioned articles.
Rory Naismith, 'Gold Coinage and its use in the post-Roman west', Speculum, 89:2 (April, 2014), pp. 273-306.
Rory Naismith is great, I'd recommend looking into lots of his works, but this one offers an interesting insight into gold coinage, as silver currencies tended to dominate during the era of the Frankish ascendancy.
Peter Spufford, Money and its use in Medieval Europe (Cambridge, 1988).
Spufford also wrote a good article entitled 'coinage and currency' in volume 2 of the Cambridge economic history of Europe from the decline of the roman empire.
Tim Pestell & Katarina Ulmschneider (eds), Markets in Early-Medieval Europe (Macclesfield, 2003).
Good to think about coinage as a medium of exchange rather than purely in abstract.
Andrew Wareham, 'Fiscal policies and the institution of a tax state in Anglo-Saxon England within a comparative context', *The economic History Review *, 65:3 (August 2012), pp. 910-931.
Really important to think of extractive mechanisms evolving in medieval Europe to incorporate extraction of coinage rather than just itinerant kingship and extraction of predominantly food-based goods. Also useful to think of things like taxation on international trade.
Gareth Williams, Early Anglo-Saxon coins (Oxford, 2008).
Although I'm biased towards the Anglo-Saxon period of study, I'd recommend some of Gareth Williams's works, and the above book is another fairly entry-level textbook.
Many of these sources are accessible either on things like jstor or via public access projects such as z-library. All the best with your studies of the topic!