I imagine not many had insurance at the time
In the UK the government provided compensation under the War Damages Act of 1941; I go into a bit more detail in If my house in London got destroyed by a German air raid, who do I approach to cover the cost? Does my mortgage cease to exist? Does the government subsidise the cost?
I am interested in this as well.
I know in us in the colonial times. There are pension records among others of people trying to get the military to pay for when their house burns down.
My daughters of the American revolution (I’m on the committee but not the heads) chapter is writing a book on our area did for the American revolution.
So we will find tons of these. And sometimes the army won’t pay as when the Indians attacks you are supposed to take everything you had and hide in the fort (supposely)