Mental health diseases such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, OCD, and PSTD etc. Were there any written records of disorders like that before we understood the human mind like we do now?
This is a very broad question. I have previously found archival answers about mental illness in Medieval Europe feat. /u/hillsonghoods and /u/sunagainstgold and /u/itsallfolklore. More answers are in the comment below, just like at the link.
See also Monday Methods: On why 'Did Ancient Warriors Get PTSD?' isn't such a simple question.